The paper develops a theory of the separation between formal authority (the right to decide) and real authority (the effective control over decisions), and illustrates how a formally integrated structure can accommodate various degrees of "real" integration. Real authority is determined by the structure of information, which in turn depends on the allocation of formal authority. An increase in ...

This paper examines the way in which ‘authority’ and ‘authoritarianism’ have been confl ated in contemporary philosophical thought. More specifi cally, it will show how the psycho-social critique of political authority developed by the Frankfurt School in the 1930s established a paradigm for the critique of political authority as ‘authoritarian irrationalism’. The paper goes on to explore the l...

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