1. Resolving Ethical Issues 1.01 Misuse of Psychologists’ Work 1.02 Conflicts Between Ethics and Law, Regulations, or Other Governing Legal Authority 1.03 Conflicts Between Ethics and Organizational Demands 1.04 Informal Resolution of Ethical Violations 1.05 Reporting Ethical Violations 1.06 Cooperating With Ethics Committees 1.07 Improper Complaints 1.08 Unfair Discrimination Against Complaina...

The paper provides an economic rationale for punishing repeat offenders with increasing sanctions. We analyse the optimal intertemporal punishment scheme within an infinite game framework. The legal authority is assumed to minimize the social cost of punishment under the constraint of keeping delinquency at a maximal tolerable level. This level is exogenously determined. JEL classification: K14

This article places the controversy over transracial adoption (TRA) in its historical context and analyzes recent developments in the law governing TRA policy. Because unfounded "authority" from the field of mental health infuses current debate, the authors alert psychiatrists to two powerful forces that improperly influence today's legal arena: community preference for same-race families and b...

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in june 2011necessity set up of energy exchange proved. gather separate applications for setting up exchange of oil, electricity with not long history and during numerous steps and different enactment of provisions, by exchange supreme council .and early of june of 2012 start itself act. the activity that realized with delay in iran duet. presence great resources of oil, gas and abundance advan...

the regional studies discipline (which considers regions as connecting links between nation-states to the grand level of the international system) studies conflict, war, crisis, cooperation and integration among the countries located in a region. to study the characteristics of the countries found in a region needs a model. the author suggests a pre-model for comparative study of regional const...

since the beginning of human history, one of the basic dilemma that every political institution must solve is how to exercise legitimate authority—that is, how to govern with the consent.“you can’t sit on bayonets,” goes an old political expression.this is a way of saying that although a state can exercise its power through the use of police force or coercion, in the long run the use of force w...