The ICMJE also stresses that most journals now request and publish information about the contributions of each individual that had a role in the work being submitted. Finally, ICMJE encourages journals and their editorial boards to develop and implement a contributorship policy. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Common Program Requirements specify that faculty should enco...

The aim of this paper is to determine the general preferential attachment function and author fitness in the temporal complex co-authorship and citation networks of the strategic management scientific community. These are often described as the rich get richer and the fit get richer phenomena. This has been done by means of the PAFit method using the community's flagship journal, namely Strateg...

Authorship is a problem in film studies that simply will not go away. Despite all sorts of arguments reducing authors to abstract entities such as author-functions, fictional surrogates, and implied authors, and eventually abandoning them under the mantra of “the death of the author,” we have not been able in our critical and historical discourses to shrug off talking about films as if they are...

The number of authors per manuscript in peer-reviewed medical journals has increased substantially in the last several decades. Several reasons have been offered to explain this authorship growth, including increased researcher collaboration, honorary authorship driven by increased pressures for funding and promotion, the belief that including senior authors will facilitate publication, and the...

The emergence of knowledge economy has put premium on higher education. This led to a rise in the number postgraduate training and reforms Research, core mandate institutions learning, should enable states meet development needs. Research for will require highest standards possible conduct research. calls research ethics protect individuals, communities environment. In this study, we explore et...

background: web of science (wos) is an online academic citation index provided by thomson reuters which supplies valuable bibliometric information for comparing impact of specific author, organization, or country in science production. the aim of this study was to compare toxicology publications of iran and turkey indexed in wos from bibliometric point of view. methods: the wos database was que...