avian influenza (ai) is a viral respiratory disease of domestic and wild birds. in the diagnostic laboratory, it is essential to have methods for rapid detection of avian respiratory viruses. cloacal swabs collected from chickens experimentally infected with h9 subtype ai virus, used in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for detection of ai. in infected animals, ai...

Novoa, F. J., T. A. Altamirano, C. Bonacic, K. Martin, and J. Ibarra. 2021. Fire regimes shape biodiversity: responses of avian guilds to burned forests in Andean temperate ecosystems southern Chile. Avian Conservation Ecology 16(2):22. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01999-160222

Background: The use of conventional stains including Giemsa, Wright and Leishman have become an essential tool for differential diagnosis of cells in peripheral blood. Aims: The aim of the study was to develop a new combination of Leishman-Giemsa (L&G;) stain for avian blood smears and to compare its efficacy with conventional staining methods. Methods:<...

During evolution, certain endoparasitoid wasps have developed mechanisms to suppress the defence systems of their hosts. For this purpose, these species, all of which belong to the families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae, inject various kinds of virus-like particles. The most studied of these particles are classified as polydnaviruses (family Polydnaviridae) which are symbiotic viruses. Over the ...

Nonstructural protein σ1s is a critical determinant of hematogenous dissemination by type 1 reoviruses, which reach the central nervous system (CNS) by a strictly blood-borne route. However, it is not known whether σ1s contributes to neuropathogenesis of type 3 reoviruses, which disseminate by both vascular and neural pathways. Using isogenic type 3 viruses that vary only in σ1s expression, we ...

Mammalian reoviruses exhibit a large host range and infected cells are generally killed; however, most studies examined only a few cell types and host species, and are probably not representative of all possible interactions between virus and host cell. Many questions thus remain concerning the nature of cellular factors that affect viral replication and cell death. In the present work, it was ...

objectives the aim of this was to indentify the presence of a/h9n2 virus among different high risk occupational groups, in tehran and qazvin provinces in seasonal outbreak in iran. background in the last decade h9n2 avian influenza viruses had caused outbreaks in poultry in many parts of the world. this subtype could infect other animals such as human and pig. avian h9n2 virus has acquired rece...

salmonella enterica is considered as one of the major pathogens in public health, worldwide. diseases caused by salmonella enterica serovars are especially prevalent in developing countries. it is one of the emerging pathogen in food-borne diseases, which is often found in contaminated chicken eggs. the aim of this study was to apply a pcr–rflp method using sau3ai and hhai restriction endonucle...