Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has emerged as an alternative to axillary dissection during breast cancer surgery the last 2 decades. However, there are several controversies regarding indication of sentinel after neoadjuvant chemotherapy which can convert positive nodes negative. The false-negative rate is unacceptably high. This high be decreased by marking and removal procedure in addition...

PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the rate of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)underestimation diagnosed after an ultrasound-guided 14-gauge core needle biopsy (US-14G-CNB) of breast masses and to compare the clinical and imaging characteristics between trueDCIS and underestimated DCIS identified following surgical excision. METHODS Among 3,124 US-14G-CNBs performed for breast masses...

In early breast cancer, the presence of metastasis in axillary lymph nodes is an important factor in prognosis and further treatment. However, axillary lymph node dissection causes many complications such as contracture of the shoulder joint, lymph edema, and paralysis of the upper extremities (Ernst, 2002). Convention holds that there is no need to dissect axillary lymph nodes for node-negativ...

BACKGROUND Although axillary lymph node status is an important prognostic factor and axillary dissection is regarded as the gold standard for staging, it requires radical surgery which is accompanied by considerable postoperative problems such as lymphedema. This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative positron emission tomography (PET) and intraoperative froze...

INTRODUCTION Lymph nodes are one of the main sites where an effective immune response develops. Normally, axillary nodes are the first place where breast cancer produces metastases. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of immune cells, especially dendritic cells, in the evolution of breast cancer. The goal of the project is to identify differences in the patterns of immune infiltrat...

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. The 5-year survival rate in patients with breast cancer ranges from 74 to 82 %. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has become an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection for nodal staging. We evaluated the detection of the sentinel lymph node and metastasis of the lymph node using contrast enhanced ultrasonography with Sonazoid. Between Dec...

This study documents our initial experience for visualisation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) with lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative detection of SLN with the handheld gamma probe in patients with primary breast cancer. Fourteen women with palpable breast cancer had peritumoral injection of Tc labeled nanocolloid in four different regions. 1mCi of Tc labeled nanocolloid in 0.8 ml saline were...

PURPOSE During a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer, the appropriate number of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) to be removed for accurate axillary staging is still controversial. We hypothesized that there might be an optimal threshold number of SLNs. We investigated how many SLNs should be removed to achieve an acceptable accuracy and ensure minimal morbidity. METHODS We reviewe...

Surgical excision of axillary lymph node(s) is standard practice in the management of invasive breast cancer. Whether sentinel or axillary lymph node excisions are performed, typically the histopathological distinction of metastatic carcinoma is straightforward. However, there are rare, though, important pathological entities that may pose a diagnostic challenge in the evaluation of axillary se...

Objetive: to analyze whether ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration cytology of an axillary suspicious node, in patients breast cancer, could help differentiate between low involvement the axilla (up 2 nodes macrometastasis) those high (more than lymph macrometastasis). Material and methods: A total 115 consecutive cancer 5 cm diameter), clinically negative pathologically positive axilla. ...