Given a graph G = (V, E) and a spanning subgraph H of G (the backbone of G), a backbone coloring for G and H is a proper vertex coloring V → {1, 2, . . .} of G in which the colors assigned to adjacent vertices in H differ by at least two. In a recent paper, backbone colorings were introduced and studied in cases were the backbone is either a spanning tree or a spanning path. Here we study the c...

Traffic engineering models based on end-to-end loss probabilities and delays do not scale well to fast backbone links. In this paper, we investigate the nature of congestion events in highly aggregated flows. An examination of congestion events shows distinct phases of queue buildup, packet dropping followed later by TCP reaction, and queue clearing. Evidence of the existence and characteristic...

In wireless ad hoc networks, due to the dynamic topology changes, multi hop communications and strict resource limitations, routing becomes the most challenging issue, and broadcasting is a common approach which is used to alleviate the routing problem. Global flooding is a straightforward broadcasting method which is used in almost all existing topology-based routing protocols and suffers from...

This comparative study examines the impact of backbone guided heuristics on the performance of dynamic local search methods. We study alternatives to the backbone membership estimation problem, discuss how our proposed estimation phase addresses it, and discuss how this information is integrated in the host methods. Backbone guidance results in significantly faster dynamic local search on the l...

The network market shows a hierarchy of providers, with backbone providers and access providers. We aim in this paper at describing the economic relationships between those network providers, where content providers are associated to backbone providers while access providers compete to attract end users. We study those interactions thanks to game theory, using a multi-level game model. We analy...

Next generation Internet backbone node technologies are proposed that offer sophisticated QoS support including real time voice, video streaming, and VPN. The backbone network consists of small size IP + ATM nodes (Type-S) and backbone core nodes (Type-X). Type-S nodes support both ATM bearer and IP QoS services. In addition, the traffic control set between input line card buffer and output lin...

In the field of co-simulation, the construction of a bridge between different simulators and the solution of problems like synchronization and data translation are some of the main challenges. This paper discusses the advantages of the HLA (High Level Architecture) standard to solve these problems and presents a generic architecture to support environments for geographically distributed co-simu...

Understanding of the effects of the backbone cyclization on the structure and dynamics of a protein is essential for using protein topology engineering to alter protein stability and function. Here we have determined, for the first time, the structure and dynamics of the linear and various circular constructs of the N-SH3 domain from protein c-Crk. These constructs differ in the length and amin...