When a molecule is exposed to an intense laser pulse, electrons that are removed earlier in the laser field may be driven back by the oscillating electric field of the laser to recollide with the target ion. The scattering of the returning electrons offers the opportunities to study the structure of the molecule. Since lasers of pulse duration of a few femtoseconds are already available, thus i...

A study, with particle-in-cell simulations, of relativistic nonlinear optics in the regime of tight focus and ultrashort pulse duration sthe l3 regimed reveals that synchronized attosecond electromagnetic pulses fN. M. Naumova, J. A. Nees, I. V. Sokolov, B. Hou, and G. A. Mourou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 063902 s2004dg and attosecond electron bunches fN. Naumova, I. Sokolov, J. Nees, A. Maksimchuk,...

It is shown that by measuring the angular distributions of fragmented ions of simple molecules by sub-10 fs laser pulses at intensities in the non-sequential double ionization regime the electron density of the highest occupied molecular orbital can be probed directly. It is also shown that using a single laser pulse, from the kinetic energy release of the fragmented ions following the double i...

A decidability result and a model-checking procedure for a rich subset of Duration Calculus (DC) [19] is obtained through reductions to first-order logic over the real-closed field and to Multi-Priced Timed Automata (MPTA) [13]. In contrast to other reductions of fragments of DC to reachability problems in timed automata, the reductions do also cover constraints on positive linear combinations ...

Deductive methods for the verification of hybrid systems vary on the format of statements in correctness proofs. Building on the example of Hoare triple-based reasoning, we have investigated several such methods for systems described in Hybrid CSP, each based on a different assertion language, notation for time, and notation for proofs, and each having its pros and cons with respect to expressi...

We report the operation of a diode-pumped monolithic self-Q-switched Cr,Yb:YAG laser which generates 20 lJ pulses at 1030 nm with a pulse duration of 500 ps in a single longitudinal mode. 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. PACS: 42.55.xi; 42.60.Gd

We present experimental results on supercontinuum generation in a highly birefringent microstructured fiber. We show that such a fiber offers clear advantages for continuum generation over weakly birefringent fibers. In particular, the polarization is preserved along the fiber for all the spectral components. Furthermore, the two eigenpolarizations exhibit different dispersion characteristics, ...

A Grazing Incidence Metal Mirror (GIMM) is a chief candidate for beam delivery for Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE). The goal for GIMM survival is greater than 3 10 8 laser pulses with 5 J/cm 2 laser fluence normal to the incident beam. Laserinduced damage to metal mirrors is primarily a thermomechanical process. Long-term exposure leads to microstructural evolution analogous to fatigue. We have pe...

A review is presented of recent experiments and diagnostics based on Stark broadening of hydrogen Balmer lines in laser-induced optical breakdown plasmas. Experiments primarily utilize pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation at 1064-nm and nominal 10 nanosecond pulse duration. Analysis of Stark broadening and shifts in the measured H-alpha spectra, combined with Boltzmann plots from H-alpha, H-beta and H...

LIDL− is a decidable fragment of Interval Duration Logic with Located Constraints, an expressive subset of dense-time Duration Calculus. It has been claimed that, for any LIDL− formulaD, a timed automaton can be constructed which accepts the models of D. However, the proposed construction is incomplete and has not been proved effective. In this paper, we prove the effective construction of equi...