RECENT advances ill our understanding of the pathologic and functional disturbances of the heart in renal disease have led to more rational and effective therapy. The purpose of this communication is to review this progress. The relation between the renal disease and the cardiovascular disorder is variable. In some instances renal disease is primary, and causes secondary hypertension; these ren...

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an exceptional finding in the clinical setting and featured by its distinctive purplish discolouration. It has been claimed to be due many culprits, namely, long term indwelling catheterisation, dementia, urinary tract infection with alkaline that fully loaded bacteria, bed or chair bound patients, female gender, constipation chronic kidney disease (Sabanis e...

This paper describes a study of the risk factors associated with disease outbreaks in fish species of fish farms and rivers of north-east Spain. We focused our work on the isolation of fish pathogens (bacteria, virus), the water quality (physicochemical and microbiological quality) and management characteristics. We have observed 2 important viral diseases, infectious pancreatic necrosis and sp...

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) is the most common form of inherited kidney disease that results in renal failure. pkd currently has no causative therapy. however, some treatment options are available, ranging from symptomatic therapy to delaying the onset of end-stage renal failure. early diagnosis of adult polycystic kidney disease is vital in order to prevent its complic...

objective: measurement of glomerular filtration rate (gfr) is the best determinant in assessment of kidney function for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. as extremely accurate methods of gfr measurement (i.e. inulin clearance) are expensive and time-consuming and due to limitations of the 24 hour urine collection method, some formula have been developed for the gfr measurement. here we have ...