Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a wide spectrum of mutations in the gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein. These mutations that correlate with different phenotypes, vary in their frequency and distribution in different populations. In this study missense mutation R117H that associated with the different clinical symptoms wa...

PURPOSE There has been an increase in the number of individuals administered antiretroviral therapy (ART) in India but treatment outcome is hampered by increasing development of drug resistance. Previous reports from India have shown M184V as the commonest mutation in treated individuals. However, there is no evidence for any protease mutations in these reports. This study was done to observe t...

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a host cytidine deaminase that, in the absence of Vif, restricts HIV-1 replication and reduces the amount of viral DNA that accumulates in cells. Initial studies determined that A3G induces extensive mutation of nascent HIV-1 cDNA during reverse transcription. It has been proposed that this triggers the degradation of the viral DNA, but there is now mounting evidence that this...

The Scientific Committee reviewed the current state-of-the-science on genotoxicity testing and provided a commentary and recommendations on genotoxicity testing strategies. A step-wise approach is recommended for the generation and evaluation of data on genotoxic potential, beginning with a basic battery of in vitro tests, comprising a bacterial reverse mutation assay and an in vitro micronucle...

OBJECTIVE A PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization (RDBH) assay was developed for rapid detection of rpoB gene mutations in 'hot mutation region' of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). METHODS 12 oligonucleotide probes based on the wild-type and mutant genotype rpoB sequences of M. tuberculosis were designed to screen the most frequent wild-type and mutant genotypes for diagnosing RIF r...

background and aims: lamivudine is amongst the antiviral for drug chronic hepatitis b treatment. during therapy with lamivudine, variants may emerge with ymdd mutation in the reverse transcriptase (rt) region of polymerase gene. this mutation might have a role in drug resistant for hbv. materials and methods: hbv dna extraction from serum sample of 88 patients, were subjected to nested pcr for ...

I n the past two decades, intense efforts have been devoted to uncovering the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of telomeres in eukaryotic cells. These efforts have led to the identification of an unusual reverse transcriptase (RT), named telomerase, that uses an integral RNA subunit as template to synthesize a short reiterated sequence at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes (Fig. 1A) (...

The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) of Campylobacter jejuni was detectable, using an in vitro assay, in most but not all of 24 strains tested. The reason for the absence of toxin activity in these naturally occurring CDT-negative C. jejuni strains was then investigated at the genetic level. CDT is encoded by three highly conserved genes, cdtA, -B, and -C. In the CDT-negative strains, two type...

The development of antiviral drug resistance is an important problem in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Potent antiretroviral therapy is currently used for treatment, and typically consists of at least two reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors. We have previously reported that both drugs and drug-resistant RT mutants can increase virus mutation frequencie...