PURPOSE This study was designed to elucidate the role of inflammatory process in diabetic retinopathy and to investigate the effect of baicalein treatment on diabetic rat. METHODS Retinal microglial cells were identified with CD11b antibody, and retinal Müller cells were identified with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The gene expression of interleukin (IL)-18, tumor necrosis factor (...

This study rated antiviral activity of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (S. baicalensis) extracts against influenza A virus subtypes, for example, pandemic 2009 H1N1, seasonal H1N1 and H3N2. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and chloroform extracts inhibited in vitro neuraminidase (NA) enzymatic activity and viral replication more than methanol (MeOH) extract. EtOAc extract demonstrated NA inhibition IC50 va...

Salicylic acid (SA) is synthesized via the phenylalanine lyase (PAL) and isochorismate synthase (ICS) pathways and can influence the stress response in plants by regulating certain secondary metabolites. However, the association between SA and particular secondary metabolites in the Chinese medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is unclear. To elucidate the association between SA and th...

The formation of biofilms play crucial role in development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) in microorganisms and makes treatment more complex. Therefore, it is necessary to employ a strategy that effectively inhibits the formation of biofilm to treat MDR microorganisms. In the present studies, anti-biofilm activity of the methanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna stem bark (MeOH-TASB) and its p...

PURPOSE To compare the flavonoid biomarker content (baicalin, baicalein and wogonin) of eleven commercial tinctures derived from Scutellaria lateriflora aerial parts (n=7) and Scutellaria baicalensis root (n=4). S. lateriflora tinctures are used in by western herbal practitioners to treat anxiety whereas S. baicalensis tinctures are used to treat inflammatory disease. METHODS Baicalin and bai...

Extensive studies have implicated the role of dietary fatty acids in prostatecancer progression. Platelet-type 12-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX) has beenshown to regulate growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis of prostate cancer. The effect of two 12-LOX inhibitors, Baicalein and N-benzyl-N-hydroxy-5-phenylpentamide (BHPP), on the mechanisms controlling cell cycle progression and apoptosis were examined i...

Current colorectal cancer (CRC) treatments exhibit unwanted cytotoxicity against healthy proliferating cells. Hence, these therapeutics demand higher specificity upon drug delivery, a task that may be facilitated by the discovery of anticancer agents bearing critical mechanisms action. Baicalein is flavonoid with promising activity, among other pharmacological benefits, and has therefore been h...

Baicalin, a main constituent of the rhizome of Scutellaria baicalensis, is metabolized to baicalein and oroxylin A in the intestine before its absorption. To understand the role of intestinal microflora in the pharmacological activities of baicalin, we investigated its anti-inflammatory effect in mice treated with and without antibiotics. Orally administered baicalin showed the anti-inflammator...

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in the acquisition of the migratory and invasive capabilities associated with metastatic competence. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1/Cyr61) has been implicated as an important mediator in the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer. Hence, Cyr61 and associated pathways are attractive targets for therapeutic interventions directed a...

We evaluated the antioxidant properties of four main flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis: baicalein, wogonin and their glucuronides - baicalin and wogonoside. We used three in vitro assays: free radical scavenging with 2,2'-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical, transition metal ions reducing power by phosphomolybdenum assay and inhibition of the hydroxyl radical-induced peroxidation of linoleic aci...