This paper presents a reworking of Thirlwall's model economic growth restricted by the balance payments for El Salvador, taking into account its trade flows with other Central American countries and remittances. The results indicate that there is restriction on this country determined subregion. It also found role remittances in alleviating external low. Evidence presented can be overco...

Several procedures have been employed to examine the impacts of subsidies on different indices in an economy. This paper proposes a new approach enabling one to compare direct and indirect payments on households. To this end, the impact of government payments is examined on Gross Regional Products, Employment, Income Distribution and Inflation of Golestan Province in Iran through a Social Accou...

To what extent is there complementarity or agreement between Austrian economics and the Chicago school on monetary issues? Both Austrians Chicagoans would agree that expansion has real effects in short run, though they emphasize different variables. In long argue a lasting effect of expansion—money not neutral—but too economic activity less efficient even if people correctly forecast rate infla...

Background: Out-of-pocket and informal payments are considered as 2 most important topics for equity in health care financing. Therfore, this study was conducted to systematically review and meta-analyze the status of these payments in Iran's health care system.    Methods: Required data were collected through searching the following key terms: "Unofficial", "Informal ...

From a global perspective, international tourism has great importance for national economies. In addition, the most visited countries, is major contributor to GDP. This article focuses specifically on changes in from view of balance payments. At first,the theoretical part will introduce field and its impact economy state then context payments state. Subsequently, analytical part, aim be analyse...

Background: Informal payments in the health sector of many developing countries are considered as a major impediment to health care reforms. Informal payments are a form of systemic fraud and have adverse effects on the performance of the health system. In this study, the frequency and extent of informal payments as well as the determinants of these payments were investigated in general hospita...