This study evaluates the performance of three control systems, namely root locus method, type-1 Mamdani fuzzy logic system (FLS), and interval type-2 FLS, in noise-free noisy ball beam systems. The main contribution this is enabling improved design implementation systems real-world applications by offering a comprehensive understanding each system's performance. methodology involves conducting ...

A deeper understanding of the milling operation of ball mills helps mineral processing engineers to control and optimize them, and therefore, reduce their consuming power. In this work, the milling operation of ball mills is investigated using two methods, i.e. DEM and combined DEM-SPH. First, a pilot scale ball mill with no lifter is simulated by both methods. Then another pilot scale ball mil...

The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as the most expensive constituent of concrete is associated with destructive environmental effects and significant energy consumption. Thus, the use of supplementary cementitious materials such as Natural or synthetic pozzolans is a fundamental solution that affects the kinetics of hydration of cementitious materials. In this article, to evaluate...

This paper presents the stability analysis and design of fuzzy controller for a nonlinear ball-and beam-system. An improved simple stability condition will be derived based on the Lyapunov's stability theory. The derived stability condition involves a smaller number of Lyapunov's conditions. A design of the membership functions of the fuzzy controller will be given. In our approach, the number ...

This work investigates the energy shaping control of a class underactuated mechanical systems with first-order actuator dynamics and subject to both matched unmatched constant additive disturbances. To this end, new nonlinear law which includes two independent integral actions is presented. The controller design outlined for dynamics, also direct actuation. effectiveness proposed approach demon...

Anatase-to-rutile phase transformation was studied in milled and unmilled samples. Ball milling was carried out in two types of ball mills, planetary and tumbler, with a ball-to-powder ratio of 40:1 over 2-48 hours. First, the unmilled samples were heated in the furnace at various temperatures for different periods of time. The results revealed that the anatase-to-rutile transformation comple...