Banks advance loans in the absence of precise knowledge in relation to the outcome of borrowers’ projects. Consequently, uncertainty in relation to loan repayment emerges. Thus, banks introduce the ‘credit standard’ as insurance against loans, so that should borrowers’ projects fail, borrowers have an alternative means of honouring their debt obligations. It is argued in this paper that in the ...

This paper examines the bank lending channel, which considers how monetary authority actions affect the variation of loans. We focus on the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) totalizing 1254 banks from five countries in the period 2000-2012 (totalizing 13 years). The empirical results show that the effect of money supply growth on the growth of loans is non-linear and inverte...

Abstract We derive three testable predictions from a bank-P2P lender model of competition: (a) P2P lending grows when some banks are faced with exogenously higher regulatory costs; (b) loans riskier than bank loans; and (c) the risk-adjusted interest rates on lower those loans. test these against data consumer credit market in Germany find empirical support. Overall, our analysis indicates that...

This paper develops a unified theory of bank operations that integrates theories of financial intermediation, asset pricing, and production. In a simple dynamic model, banks maximize the present value of future profits generated through three categories of qualitatively distinct functions: (1) resolving information asymmetry in order to make loans, (2) providing transaction services, and (3) fi...

We analyze the relation between comprehensive measures of board quality and the cost as well as the non-price terms of bank loans. We show that firms with higher quality boards and even a single (non-insider) advisory board member borrow at lower interest rates. This relation exists even after controlling for ownership structure, CEO compensation policy, and shareholder protection as well as th...

This paper investigates the e¤ects on the asset market of bank actions in dealing with their non-performing loans. It is demonstrated that liquidation of bad loans may not be as detrimental to asset prices as commonly argued, because funds recouped from liquidation can be recycled into new loans which support the asset market. While capital regulation protects the health of banks, it may limit ...

We model the effects on banks of the introduction of a market for credit derivatives; in particular, credit-default swaps. A bank can use such swaps to temporarily transfer credit risks of their loans to others, reducing the likelihood that defaulting loans trigger the bank’s financial distress. Because credit derivatives are more flexible at transferring risks than are other, more established ...

This paper shows that corporate debt type, maturity and priority structures and their determinants are not homogeneous across firms of different size. Small firms use leasing and bank loans and overdraft while large companies rely on loan capital, convertible and subordinated loans. Small companies depend more on secured debt while large companies’ debt is unsecured and subordinated. The result...

Diversification through a financial intermediary has the benefit of transforming loans that need costly monitoring into bank deposits that do not. We show that financial intermediation in a costly state verification model has a cost not yet analyzed: it allows for the existence of multiple equilibria, some of which are characterized by borrowers defaulting on their loans because they expect oth...

In recent years, considerable research has they take as evidence for a bank lending explored the role played by bank lending in channel. the transmission of monetary shocks. In conWe reexamine KSW's analysis. In contrast trast to the traditional Keynesian transmission to KSW's use of aggregate data, we analyze mechanism that operates strictly through inthe mix of bank and nonbank debt separatel...