Outer membrane protein (OMP) biogenesis is an essential process for maintaining the bacterial cell envelope and involves the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) for OMP recognition, folding and assembly. In Escherichia coli this function is orchestrated by five proteins: the integral outer membrane protein BamA of the Omp85 superfamily and four associated lipoproteins. To unravel the mechanism un...

Layer IV of the barrel cortex contains an anatomical map of the contralateral whisker pad, which serves as a useful reference in relating receptive field properties of cells to the cortical columns in which they reside. Recent studies have shown that the degree to which the surround receptive fields of layer IV cells are generated intracortically or subcortically depends on whether they lie in ...

Barrel-ageing of conventionally fermented beers is becoming increasingly popular in recent years, but only very little known about the underlying process. In this study, we show that wood species significantly affects bacterial community composition, beer chemistry and sensory characteristics throughout 38 weeks barrel-ageing. Whereas microbial communities oak- acacia-aged became dominated by P...

Barrel chest is a kind of thoracic deformity. Clinically, it always secondary to chronic lung disease, which does not need treatment. also common in young people and adults. Due the serious impact on appearance thorax, patients have strong desires for surgery. We applied Wenlin procedure operation barrel achieved satisfactory results. This paper introduces 25-year-old male patient with chest.

We designed one-and-a-half-barrel vascularized free fibular flap which is a further modification of the double-barrel technique, and we tried to overcome the discrepancy between mandible and fibula flap. We used this flap in case of a segmental mandibular defect that occurred as a result of a giant cell reparative granuloma excision. This new modification eliminated volume insufficiency of the ...

Astrocytes in the barrel cortex respond with a transient Ca2+ increase to neuronal stimulation and this response is restricted to the stimulated barrel field. In the present study we suppressed the astrocyte response by dialysing these cells with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA. Electrical stimulation triggered a depolarization in stellate or pyramidal ‘regular spiking' neurons from cortex layer 4 and ...