background: air pollution in tehran, capital of iran is responsible for several diverse negative effects. it has been estab­lished that air pollution can affect human health. these health effects include increased hospital admissions due to the ex­acerba­tion of cardiac and respiratory diseases, as well as symptoms such as headache, cough, eye irritation, nausea, sputum and even death in the mo...

We study the effect of risk aversion on the valuation of credit derivatives. Using the technology of utility-indifference valuation in intensity-based models of default risk, we analyze resulting yield spreads for single-name defaultable bonds, and a simple representative two-name credit derivative. The impact of risk averse valuation on prices and yield spreads is expressed in terms of effecti...

BACKGROUND Dementia is one of the most common and serious disorders in later life and the economic and personal cost of caring for people with dementia is immense. There is a need to be able to evaluate interventions in dementia using cost-effectiveness analyses, but the generic preference-based measures typically used to measure effectiveness do not work well in dementia. Existing dementia-spe...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elicit utilities for radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) and evaluate the impact of treatment response and toxicities on quality of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS RR-DTC health states were developed based on data from a previous qualitative study and iterative review by clinical experts. Following piloting, health states underw...

Willingness to pay is increasingly utilized in cost-benefit analysis research in road safety. In other fields of research such as environmental and health policy evaluations, contingent valuation (CV) surveys have been developed and widely used as a method to elicit people’s willingness to pay for the products being evaluated. Many authors have provided methodological critiques on CV surveys, w...

This paper estimates the monetary value of providing informal care by means of a well-being valuation method. This is done by assessing the compensating variation necessary to maintain the same level of well-being after an informal caregiver provides an extra hour of informal care. The informal caregiver's well-being is proxied by the answer to two subjective well-being questions that were pose...

All companies deal with valuation from time to time. Capital budgeting, company and asset valuation, or value based management rely on valuation. Two approaches are the foundation of valuation, discounted cash flow valuation and relative valuation. The first one is a bottom-up approach where the present value of an asset’s future cash flows is calculated, the second determines the value of an a...

BACKGROUND Generic preference-based measures are commonly used to estimate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) to inform resource-allocation decisions. However, concerns have been raised that generic measures may be inappropriate in palliative care. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to derive a health-state classification system that is amenable to valuation from the ten-item Palliative Care Outcom...