background: anxiety and depression during the pregnancy period are among the factors affecting the pregnancy undesirable outcomes and delivery. one way of controlling anxiety and depression is mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy . the purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of mindfulness based on the islamic-spiritual schemas and group cognitive behavioral therapy on reduc...

Organizational research frequently involves seeking judgmental data from multiple informants within organizations. Researchers are often faced with determining how many informants to survey, who those informants should be and (if more than one) how best to aggregate responses when disagreement exists between those responses. Using both recall and forecasting data from a laboratory study involvi...

The ability to recognize and evaluate reliable informants is a critical skill for effective social learning. Building on prior work showing children’s sensitivity to informants who omit relevant information, here we asked whether children’s teacher evaluations incorporate information about 1) the epistemic state of the teacher, and 2) the amount and value of information taught. Preschool-aged c...

Local organization and gender participation are two elements that have the significant role for rural development plan. The objectives of study to describe function local organizations as a media participation, job allocation men women performed in A case method was used with key informants from committees, target group, facilitators. data collected type form contribution, roles functions plan ...

Organizational research frequently involves seeking judgmental data from multiple, potential informants within organizations. Researchers are often faced with determining how many informants to survey, who those informants should be and (if more than one) how best to aggregate responses when disagreement exists between respondents. Using data from a laboratory study involving the MARKSTRAT simu...

introduction: the scientific, technical, economic and social development of a society is closely connected to the amount of information produced by its managers, researcher and scholars. in this study, the necessity of the librarians and medical informants' cooperation in the approved research plans of iums was investigated. methods and materials: it was a descriptive study in which the partici...

Although the study of relational aggression is gaining attention in the literature, little is known about the underlying causes of this behavior and the relative validity of various informants. These issues were addressed in a sample of 1,981 6- to 18-year-old twin pairs (36% female, 34% male, 30% opposite-sex). Relational aggression was assessed via maternal and self-report using a structured ...

background: diabetes mellitus (dm) is a public health challenge worldwide and to manage it the patient is required to make some fundamental changes in behavior. patients should be involved in care program to improve their diabetes condition and quality of life (qol). this study aimed to examine the effect of educational program on beliefs, behavior, glycemic control indicator, and qol among dia...

The academic literature often suggests that Chinese people prefer directive approaches in therapy. However, studies on this topic are often based on therapists' self-reports: clients' perceptions are rarely considered. What does "directive approach" mean? Is it what clients prefer? Using cultural psychology and medical anthropology as a theoretical framework, the ethnography explored the experi...