OBJECTIVE Amino acid imbalance is often found in patients with cirrhosis, and this imbalance is associated with insulin resistance. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between amino acid imbalance and insulin resistance remains unclear. We evaluated serum amino acid concentrations in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to determine if any of the levels of amino acids w...

OBJECTIVES To identify metabolic factors controlling appetite and insulin sensitivity in PWS and assess effects of GH treatment. METHODS We compared amino acids, fatty acids and acylcarnitines in GH-treated and untreated PWS children and obese and lean controls to identify biomarkers associated with ghrelin, peptide YY and markers of insulin sensitivity (adiponectin and HOMA-IR). RESULTS Co...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in long-lasting cognitive impairments for which there is currently no accepted treatment. A well-established mouse model of mild to moderate TBI, lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI), shows changes in network excitability in the hippocampus including a decrease in net synaptic efficacy in area CA1 and an increase in net synaptic efficacy in dentate gyrus. P...

Sunflower is an economically important oilseed crop worldwide and weeds have a negative effect on its yields. The herbicide imazamox, combined with imazamox-resistant (IMI-R) sunflower hybrids, technology known as the Clearfield production system successfully controls weeds. mechanism of action imazamox related to blocking AHAS enzyme, which catalyzes first step in biosynthetic pathway branched...

Experimental rat models and clinical trials in human patients with liver cirrhosis show evidence that supplementation hepatotropic factors provides therapeutic benefits. This form of support has not yet been described dogs multiple acquired portosystemic shunts (MAPSS) despite similarities between both pathological conditions. Especially hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) branched chain amino acids...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation attenuates indirect indicators of muscle damage during endurance exercise as compared with an isocaloric, carbohydrate (CHO) beverage or a noncaloric placebo (PLAC) beverage. Nine untrained men performed three 90 min cycling bouts at 55% VO 2peak. Subjects, blinded to beverage selection, ingested...

BACKGROUND It is well documented that exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) decreases muscle function and causes soreness and discomfort. Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been shown to increase protein synthesis and decrease muscle protein breakdown, however, the effects of BCAAs on recovery from damaging resistance training are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was ...

This study investigates the effects of three branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) on the in vitro ruminal fermentation of wheat straw using batch cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. BCAA were added to the buffered ruminal fluid at a concentration of 0, 2, 4, 7, or 10 mmol/L. After 72 h of anaerobic incubation, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and ammonia nitro...

The study investigated exercise patterns resulting in the more efficient promotion of amino acid utilization. High-protein snacks (HPS; 15 g protein, 18 g sugar) were ingested by 8 young adult subjects 3 h after the basal meal ingestion. Sixty minutes after the HPS ingestion, the subjects performed arm flex/extend exercises for 15 min. The difference between 2 exercise patterns was compared. Pa...

It is well established that impaired glucose metabolism is a frequent complication in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. We previously showed that leucine, one of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), promotes glucose uptake under insulin-free conditions in isolated skeletal muscle from normal rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of BCAA on glucose metabolism in a rat m...