In the NLC (Next Linear Collider) small misalignments in each of the individual accelerator structures (or the accelerator cells) will give rise to wakefields which kick the beam from its electrical axis. This wakefield can cause BBU (Beam Break Up) or, at the very least, it will dilute the emittance of the beam. Several Gaussian detuned structures have been designed and tested [1] at SLAC and ...

In computational linguistics, it has been shown that hierarchical structures make language models (LMs) more human-like. However, the previous literature agnostic about a parsing strategy of models. this paper, we investigated whether LMs human-like, and if so, which is most cognitively plausible. order to address question, evaluated three against human reading times in Japanese with head-final...

Reinforced concrete structures consists of two main components and the behavior of these structures influenced by gender and material properties, in order to investigate the behavior of concrete reinforced beam that most important flexural element in reinforced concrete structures, we chosen High Strength Concrete (HSC) for concrete and GFRP and steel bars for reinforcement. For compare the new...

We propose to investigate new methods of particle acceleration using a shortpulse C02 laser as the power source and grating-like structures as accelerator "cavities"[1]. Phase I of this program is intended to demonstrate the principle of the method. We will focus the laser light to a 3 mm line on the surface of the microstructure. The structure is used to transform the electric field pattern of...

saffron is the dried stigmas of crocus sativus l., a member of the iridaceae family which ispropagated by means of corms. corms are faced with many stresses in soil. therefore, it isimportant to reduce these stresses and improve the quantity of saffron production. biotic andabiotic stresses disrupt the metabolic balance of cells; thereby, resulting in accumulation ofreactive oxygen species (ros...

A genetic algorithm has been used to optimize the selection of beam weights for external beam three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy treatment planning. A fitness function is defined, which includes a difference function to achieve a least-square fit to doses at preselected points in a planning target volume, and a penalty item to constrain the maximum allowable doses delivered to critical or...

There are two different ways of using SMA wires as actuators for shape control of flexible structures; which can be either embedded within the composite laminate or externally attached to the structure. Since the actuator can be placed at different offset distances from the beam, external actuators produce more bending moment and, consequently, considerable shape changes with the same magnitude...

In many seismically active regions worldwide, massive reinforced concrete (RC) structures built before the 1970s existed. These older RC buildings, in countries having seismic history, were designed for gravity loads only. Anyway, beam-column connections influence where functions of connection shortage by transport forces like shear, moment, and torsion through beam to column. Also, it could be...

We use Hamiltonian optics to design and analyze beam propagation in two-dimensional (2D) periodic structures with slowly varying nonuniformities. We extend a conventional Hamiltonian method, adding equations for calculating the width of a beam propagating in such structures, and quantify the range of validity of the extended Hamiltonian equations. For calculating the beam width, the equations a...