Do women and men behave differently in financial asset markets? Our results from an asset market experiment show a marked gender difference in producing speculative price bubbles. Mixed markets show intermediate values, and a meta-analysis of 35 markets from different studies confirms the inverse relationship between the magnitude of price bubbles and the frequency of female traders in the mark...

iThe physiology of virus formation and the chemotherapy of virus diseaes are subjects that are now receiving much attention. The literature in these fields is too voluminous to be covered here. In general the evidence indicates that, although a number of viruses may have similar requirements, others may behave differently toward chemical treatments. This paper gives the results of tests to dete...

Both the square and triangular Ising antiferromagnetic systems with next-nearest neighbour interactions are studied by a new efficient entropic scheme. Using the energy distribution and order parameter’s fourth order cumulant it is illustrated that the two models behave quite differently. For the square model we establish strong numerical evidence showing a continuous transition scaling, wherea...

Raman spectra of individual pristine suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes are observed under high electrical bias. The LO and TO modes of the G band behave differently with respect to voltage bias, indicating preferential electron-phonon coupling and nonequilibrium phonon populations, which cause negative differential conductance in suspended devices. By correlating the electron resistivity...

How protein molecules pack into a crystal remains problematic. Packing units are direct materials for packing into crystals. The group generator method is introduced for automatically identifying the packing unit. By introducing deviations into the nucleation stage of crystallization, we proved that these deviations diminish in further packing. This process illus trates how translation symmetri...

We consider the downlink of a multiuser MIMO-OFDMA system with different transmitter and receiver concepts, where subcarriers are assigned to users according to some metric. This metric describes the channel quality and the user with the highest metric at a subcarrier is allowed to transmit. The examined transmission schemes are shown to behave differently based on the chosen metric. Furthermor...

Constraining ill-posed inverse problems often requires regularized optimization. I describe two alternative approaches to regularization. The first approach involves a column operator and an extension of the data space. The second approach constructs a row operator and expands the model space. In large-scale problems, when the optimization is incomplete, the two methods of regularization behave...

Good sparse approximations are essential for practical inference in Gaussian Processes as the computational cost of exact methods is prohibitive for large datasets. The Fully Independent Training Conditional (FITC) and the Variational Free Energy (VFE) approximations are two recent popular methods. Despite superficial similarities, these approximations have surprisingly different theoretical pr...

Implementations of a standard language are expected to give same outputs to identical queries. In this paper we study why different implementations of SPARQL (Fuseki, Virtuoso, Blazegraph and rdf4j) behave differently when evaluating queries with correlated variables. We show that at the core of this problem lies the historically troubling notion of logical substitution. We present a formal fra...

Time-discrete stochastic processes are powerful tools for characterizing some dynamical systems. The prerequisites include an understanding of Markov processes (13.1). Time-discrete systems behave quite differently from dynamical systems based on systems of ordinary differential equations. This chapter presents a Markov model of adaptive learning that illustrates the concept of stochastic stab...