The Affordable Care Act (ACA) created incentives and opportunities to redesign health care to better address mental and behavioral health needs. The integration of behavioral health and primary care is increasingly viewed as an answer to address such needs, and it is advisable that evidence-based models and interventions be implemented whenever possible with fidelity. At the same time, there ar...

This commentary presents the case against housing rats and mice in laboratory cages; the commentary bases its case on their sentience, natural history, and the varied detriments of laboratory conditions. The commentary gives 5 arguments to support this position: (a) rats and mice have a high degree of sentience and can suffer, (b) laboratory environments cause suffering, (c) rats and mice in th...

Hunger and pain are two competing signals that individuals must resolve to ensure survival. However, the neural processes that prioritize conflicting survival needs are poorly understood. We discovered that hunger attenuates behavioral responses and affective properties of inflammatory pain without altering acute nociceptive responses. This effect is centrally controlled, as activity in hunger-...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and quantify the evidence for behavioral interventions for pediatric insomnia. METHODS Meta-analysis of 16 controlled trials and qualitative analysis of 12 within-subject studies were conducted (total n = 2,560). RESULTS Meta-analysis found significant effects for four specified sleep outcomes: sleep-onset latency, number of night wakings, and duration of night wakings...

Natural evolution is an open-ended search process without an a priori fitness function that needs to be optimized. On the other hand, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) rely on a clear and quantitative objective. TheNovelty Search algorithm (NS) substitutes fitness-based selectionwith a novelty criteria; i.e., individuals are chosen based on their uniqueness. To do so, individuals are described by t...

As highly adapted animals with great evolutionary diversity, the insects are considered important subjects for studies concerning nutrition and feeding behavior. Although they have developed morphological, physiological and behavioral means to guarantee acquisition and utilization of nutrients, the insects are constantly facing more immediate problems when food quality varies not only in space ...

OBJECTIVE to identify the reasons and motivations why family members search treatment for the drug addicted. METHOD descriptive qualitative research, developed in 2012 and 2013, in a Drug Addicts Rehabilitation Unit of Parana State, Brazil. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the drug addicts' family members in treatment. The results were analyzed based on the Transth...

Addressing the use of respite services by caregivers of individuals with dementia is important to improving social support among this vulnerable group. This article uses theory to conceptualize the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs that caregivers of individuals with dementia associate with the use of out-of-home day centers for respite. Interviews and focus groups with 36 caregivers w...

OBJECTIVES To describe the parent-reported prevalence of treatments for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among a national sample of children with special health care needs (CSHCN), and assess the alignment of ADHD treatment with current American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. STUDY DESIGN Parent-reported data from the 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health...