fasting during the month of ramadan is one of the five pillars of islam. during this month, adult muslims are obligated to refrain from eating and drinking from dawn to dusk. although based on islamic principles patients are exempted from fasting, each year, and many muslim patients express their willingness to observe the fast in ramadan month to respect the cultural customs. there are concern...

the effect and outcome of pregnancy in patients with chronic idiopathic glomerulonephritis was studied. the study population consisted of 98 patients. all patients were divided into 8 groups according to presence, absence or coexistence of 3 general risk factors such as hypertension, renal failure and nephrotic syndrome. the adverse effect of renal disease and risk factors on the outcome of pre...

conclusions timely detection and appropriate antibiotic therapy of afbn are essential to prevent renal abscess formation. a possible diagnosis of afbn needs to be considered in all patients being treated for febrile uti. detection and surgical correction of the underlying malformation are necessary to prevent further recurrences. case presentation here we describe a case of a 4-year-old boy adm...

background: to investigate the relationship between renal stone formation and osteoporosis. methods: eight hundred thirty healthy subjects aged between 20 and 76 years were randomly selected from 50 clusters to take part in the study. of these, 68 (8.2%) had a previous history of renal stone disease. all participants underwent clinical exami nation and bone mineral densitometry of the lumbar sp...

Introdution: Acute renal failure is a common complication in the brain injury patients. Released adenosine in injury can reduce renal glomerular filtration. Aminophylline is an inhibitor of releasing adenosine. So, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous aminophylline in renal function of brain-injured patients with acute renal failure admitted to the intensive care unit. Method...

these investigations indicate that the anterior layer of the renal fascia continues across the midline of the body in front of the aorta and inferior vena cava to become continuous with a similar layer on the opposite side of the body. the posterior layer of the renal fascia blends with the fascia covering the psoas major especially at the medial and lateral edges of this muscle. but, in additi...

Introduction: The present study aimed to correlate renal oximetry near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) values with conventional non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Accordingly, renal NIRS can be employed as a trending device for the prevention of AKI developmen...

conclusions the current study indicates increased risk for hcv infection in patients under dialysis and its relation with the mean duration of hemodialysis, history of renal transplantation and surgical intervention. considering the immune deficiency in these patients, intense education to both patients and medical staff will be beneficial. patients and methods a retrospective analysis was perf...