Analytical solutions to the magnetic forward problem are known only for special volume conductors [1, 2, 3], which are insufficient to describe detailed head shapes. The forward calculation for a realistic volume conductor can so far only be solved by numerical algorithms, such as the boundary element method (BEM) [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], which pose severe problems for superficial sources due to the...

Boundary-element methods (BEMs) for solving integral equations numerically have been used in many fields to compute the induced charges at dielectric boundaries. In this paper, we consider a more accurate implementation of BEM in the context of ions in aqueous solution near proteins, but our results are applicable more generally. The ions that modulate protein function are often within a few an...

The polar coordinate transformation (PCT) method has been extensively used to treat various singular integrals in the boundary element method (BEM). However, the resultant integrands of the PCT tend to become nearly singular when (1) the aspect ratio of the element is large or (2) the field point is closed to the element boundary; thus a large number of quadrature points are needed to achieve a...

The Boundary Element Method (BEM) lends itself well to an object-oriented implementation. Well-defined class hierarchies can reduce the size of a problem solution while improving the readability and maintainability of the solution. The BEM uses geometric elements, defined as collections of nodes, to model a surface. Boundary conditions, specified by the problem, are defined at each node. This s...

Weapply a novel approach for the gravimetricmarine geoidmodellingwhich utilise the boundary elementmethod (BEM). The direct BEM formulation for the Laplace equation is applied to obtain a numerical solution to the linearised fixed gravimetric boundary-value problem in points at the Earth's surface. The numerical scheme uses the collocation method with linear basis functions. It involves a discr...

This paper presents a new approach to translate between Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Building Energy Modeling (BEM) that uses Modelica, an object-oriented declarative, equation-based simulation environment. The approach (BIM2BEM) has been developed using a data modeling method to enable seamless model translations of building geometry, materials, and topology. Using data modeling, we...

This paper reviews recent developments in the application of the boundary element method (BEM) to muffler and silencer analysis. Initial results of modeling built-in catalyst converters are also presented. A so-called “direct mixed-body boundary element method” has been developed for muffler and silencer analysis since 1996. The idea of the method is to integrate all kinds of different boundary...

The aim of the present paper is to provide a general overview of cognitive dissonance theory. We begin by defining the basic concepts and summarizing the principal postulates of the theory. We point to possible classifications of the theory in terms of different forms of scholarship and types of theory by considering relevant philosophical and methodological assumptions. We go on to discuss the...

of Paper The paper presents an algorithm for physically accurate simulation of elastic deformable objects that are also fast enough for real-time animation. The algorithm uses Boundary Element Method (BEM) (vs. Finite Element Method). The algorithm applies to deformable objects that can be simulated by linear elastic models. It achieves interactive speeds by exploiting coherence in typical inte...