The multispecies coalescent has provided important progress for evolutionary inferences, including increasing the statistical rigor and objectivity of comparisons among competing species delimitation models. However, Bayesian species delimitation methods typically require brute force integration over gene trees via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which introduces a large computation burden and...

The general objective of our work was to determine the acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of arsenic (As) in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from the blackfoot disease (BFD) area in Taiwan. The average concentration of As in pond water ranged from 17.8 to 49 microg L(-1). Acute toxicity tests showed that the As concentration that caused toxicity to tilapia ranged from 69 060 microg As L(-1), ...

Segmental tissues of glossiphoniid leeches arise from rostrocaudally arrayed columns (bandlets) of segmental founder cells (primary m, n, o, p, and q blast cells) which undergo stereotyped sublineages to generate identifiable subsets of definitive progeny. The bandlets lie at the surface of the embryo beneath the squamous epithelium of a transient embryonic covering called the provisional integ...

Better methods and tools are needed in the fight against child pornography. This thesis presents amethod for file type categorisation of unknown data fragments, a method for reassembly of JPEGfragments, and the requirements put on an artificial JPEG header for viewing reassembled images.To enable empirical evaluation of the methods a number of tools based on the methods have been<lb...

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Microbial contamination causes a major consumers health hazard and economic loss to meat retailers due in terms of food poisoning spoilage. Antibiotics used animal production improve quality have residual effects microbial resistance allergy. Therefore, the use natural substances enhance is promising innovation. This research assessed load muscles spent layer at different ageing period (PMA) fe...

Human health in the past and presently is influenced by the amounts and proportion of chemical elements to which humans have been exposed. Arsenic, as a therapeutic agent was known to ancient Greeks and Romans. Ehrlick introduced organic arsenicals as anti linetic agents but with advent of penicillin these have nearly become obsolete. Once considered toxic, harmful to humans, arsenic is now con...

Maritime container terminals are facilities where cargo containers are transshipped between ships or between ships and land vehicles (tucks or trains). They can be automated; semi-automated or static ones depend on the type of the equipments that they contain. There are crucial resources at container terminals; the yard, cranes and the vehicles. The yard refers to the temporary storage area whe...

Given a set of numbers, and a set of bins of fixed capacity, the NP-complete problem of bin packing is to find the minimum number of bins needed to contain the numbers, such that the sum of the numbers assigned to each bin does not exceed the bin capacity. We present two improvements to our previous bin-completion algorithm. The first speeds up the constant factor per node generation, and the s...

The Burdekin River, Queensland, Australia drains a catchment area of ~130,000 km and contributes approximately 30% of the total sediment supplied (~ 3.8 t) to the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon from all Great Barrier Reef catchments. Much of this watershed (~115,000 km) drains into the Burdekin Falls Dam, the largest dam reservoir in Queensland (1,860 GL capacity; 224 km surface area; average depth ...