Majorana bound states in topological superconductors have been predicted to appear the form of zero-bias conductance peaks height $2e^{2}/h$, which represents one most studied signatures so far. Here, we show that quasi zero-energy states, similar can naturally any superconducting hybrid junction due confinement effects, without relation topology. Remarkably, these topologically trivial produce...

Performance of two types of differential interference contrast objectives, i.e., the XOR pattern and the zone-plate doublet, is quantitatively characterized and compared using modulation transfer function. Effects of partial coherence, finite absorption and phase in a complex object, as well as bias retardation are also examined.

Colloidal particles that experience perfectly elastic collisions can be modeled using Langevin processes with specular reflection conditions. The article presents a discretization scheme and offers a conjecture for the rate of convergence of the bias produced. Numerically, these conjectures are confirmed for the specular reflection scheme but also for the absorption scheme, which models perfect...