This paper proposes an econometric structure for injury severity analysis at the level of individual accidents that recognizes the ordinal nature of the categories in which injury severity are recorded, while also allowing flexibility in capturing the effects of explanatory variables on each ordinal category and allowing heterogeneity in the effects of contributing factors due to the moderating...

a r t i c l e i n f o Without visual attention, even the obvious–like a gorilla walking through a scene of people–goes undetected This " inattentional blindness " is a persistent, well-documented limitation of the human visual system. The current research examines whether social meaning reduces this visual bias by imbuing unexpected objects with signal value, thus increasing their relevance and...

BACKGROUND Bicycling has the potential to improve fitness, diminish obesity, and reduce noise, air pollution, and greenhouse gases associated with travel. However, bicyclists incur a higher risk of injuries requiring hospitalization than motor vehicle occupants. Therefore, understanding ways of making bicycling safer and increasing rates of bicycling are important to improving population health...

conclusions close attention to these predictors may aid officials in planning effective training programs and prevention measures. these predictors can also be used in the legislation of traffic laws and regulations and managerial plans of hospitals. patients and methods this longitudinal study reviewed 15,331 injuries in 21 hospitals in the city of tabriz from march 2012 to march 2013. the req...

This study deals with the analysis of lower leg fractures in pedestrians and bicyclists after collisions with passenger cars and examines to what extent the shape and location of the factures in the lower leg changed, following alterations in the shape of bumpers. It can be assumed that that the bumpers changed in shape and effective impact height, not least due to the realization of the develo...

O n November 8, 2016, the greater medical community lost a visionary scientist, master clinician, a thoughtleader in echocardiography, and a pioneer in cardiac resuscitation. Richard E. Kerber will also be remembered as an accomplished clarinetist, opera aficionado, and avid bicyclist. He may be most remembered by the scores of cardiology trainees he mentored over his 20-year tenure as program ...

To the Editors: The incidence of sun-induced skin cancer is rising and the eyelid and face are frequent sites of involvement.1,2 Sun exposure can also predispose to pterygium, climatic droplet keratopathy, cataracts, and perhaps macular degeneration. The majority of the skin’s lifetime sun damage occurs during childhood.2 More than 70% of American children ages 5 to 14 years (27.7 million child...

41 DID YOU WALK OR RIDE A bicycle to school? Chances are that you did. Thirty years ago, the sight of children walking or bicycling to school was common—66 percent of all children did so. Now, however, 87 percent of all trips to and from school are made by car or bus.1 Safe Routes to School (SR2S) provides some solutions to reverse this generational shift. It is a growing movement that integrat...

Bicycling-related injury data are difficult to obtain from official reports, which capture only about 20% of crashes and often lack coordinates, outcomes, narratives needed for understanding where why incidents occurred. Crowdsourced on bicycling safety provides new opportunities the study risk. Our goal was quantify factors that influence spatial variation in unsafe across a city, based self-r...

Neotmditional Neighborhood Design (NTND) has gained increasing attention from professional, academic, and popular circles during the past ten years. This review establishes a baseline evaluation of NTND, with the goal of providing the background for more specific research in the future. The first section of the paper orients NTND in a historical context, reviewing the main subdivision design tr...