Javitt NB. History of hepatic bile formation: old problems, new approaches. Adv Physiol Educ 38: 279 –285, 2014; doi:10.1152/advan.00076.2014.—Studies of hepatic bile formation reported in 1958 established that it was an osmotically generated water flow. Intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate established a high correlation between hepatic bile flow and bile acid excretion. Secretin, a horm...

Ileal disease, liver disease, and other pathologic conditions have been shown to affect the glycine:taurine ratio (1). The procedure used for determining the glycine:taurine ratio is to separate the individual conjugated bile acids on thin-layer chromatograms and estimate the quantities of each bile acid to get the ratio (2, 3). Sometimes two or more solvent systems are needed to separate the i...

A simple reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for a simultaneous analysis of free, glycine- and taurine-amidated bile acids is described. The resolution of ursodeoxycholic, cholic, chenodeocycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acids, either free or amidated with glycine and taurine, is achieved using a C-18 octadecylsilane column (30 cm length, 4 micron particle size) w...

Landrier, Jean-François, Jyrki J. Eloranta, Stephan R. Vavricka, and Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick. The nuclear receptor for bile acids, FXR, transactivates human organic solute transporterand genes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290: G476–G485, 2006. First published November 3, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00430.2005.—Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and are excreted into ...

Vectorial transport of bile acids across hepatocytes is a major driving force for bile flow, and bile acid retention in the liver causes hepatotoxicity. The basolateral and apical transporters for bile acids are thought to be targets of drugs that induce cholestasis. Previously, we constructed polarized LLC-PK1 cells that express both a major bile acid uptake transporter human Na+/taurocholate ...

Bile acids are increasingly discussed in the genesis of colorectal carcinoma. In a pilot study we analysed bile acids in tumor tissue, tumor-free mucosa, serum, and feces o £ 6 patients with recta1 and 5 patients with colonic carcinoma, 5 patients dead from nongastroenterological diseases and two operated on for benign colonic stenosis seryed as controis for celorecta1 mucosa, 16 healthy person...

Epidemiological and experimental studies have implicated bile acids (particularly secondary bile acids) as important factors in the development of colorectal cancer. The ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ISBT) is a crucial player in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Genetic defects in ISBT may result in malabsorption of bile acids and a loss of bile acids into the large i...

Bile acids are best known as detergents involved in the digestion of lipids. In addition, new data in the last decade have shown that bile acids also function as gut hormones capable of influencing metabolic processes via receptors such as FXR (farnesoid X receptor) and TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5). These effects of bile acids are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract, but ...

Abnormal gastro-oesophageal reflux and bile acids have been linked to the presence of Barrett's oesophageal premalignant lesion associated with an increase in mucin-producing goblet cells and MUC4 mucin gene overexpression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of MUC4 by bile acids are unknown. Since total bile is a complex mixture, we undertook to identify which bile aci...

The effect of the unconjugated bile acids, cholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids, and of the conjugated bile acid taurocholic acid on the mucosal-to-serosal transport and tissue uptake of the naturally occurring folate derivative, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3H4PteGlu) was examined in everted sacs of rat jejunum. Each of the unconjugated bile acids examined inhibite...