In this article, we present a joint production, pricing, and inventory control problem that can help manufacturers manage revenue in an omnichannel environment. This article puts forward multiperiod Stackelberg game between manufacturer retailer, assuming the former to be leader. The leader–follower is formulated as mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel optimization wherein both players seek m...

Requirements of digitization, intellectualization, and integration for the programming management air transportation have been recommended as information technology booms. A variety single ground movement optimization problems discussed with few taking impact other segments into account. In this research, bilevel is applied to simultaneously consider three including gate assignment, taxi path s...

This paper proposes a hybrid multiagent learning algorithm for solving the dynamic simulation-based bilevel network design problem. The objective is to determine the optimal frequency of a multimodal transit network, which minimizes total users’ travel cost and operation cost of transit lines. The problem is formulated as a bilevel programming problem with equilibrium constraints describing non...

We consider the bilevel uncapacitated facility location problem with user preferences. It is known that this model may be reformulated as a one-level location problem with some additional constraints. In this paper we introduce a new reformulation and show that this reformulation dominates three previous ones from the point of view of their linear programming relaxations and may be worse than a...

This paper introduces the research status of convex quadratic bilevel programming at present firstly. Secondly, it analyzes the problem of convex quadratic bilevel programming models, concepts and properties. On this basis, using the optimality conditions of KKT, the problem will be transformed into a single complementary slackness relaxation problem. To solve this problem, we propose an orthog...