Bio-oil is a dark brown, mobile liquid derived from the thermo-chemical processing of bio-mass. Bio-oils generally contain water and lignin. Lignins are highly-available, well-studied carbohydrate derivative known for their antioxidant properties. For asphalt pavements, oxidation can cause deterioration, a longterm aging process, and eventually result in cracking. Therefore, bio-oil could poten...

in order to study the effect of on-farm seed priming and two bio-fertilizers on emergence and yield characteristics of chickpea, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in hamedan with three replications in 2013. the factors consisted of phosphate fertilizer (0, 50 and 100 percent of recommended) bio-fertilizer (mycorrhizae, barvar2, both of them and no-applic...

Tar and char can be regarded as unwanted byproducts during the gasification process. In this study, three types of catalyst, i.e., biomass char (bio-char), nickel supported on biomass (Ni+bio-char), and nickel supported on bio-char (bio-char+Ni), were studied to compare the catalytic effects of different preparation methods on tar model compound removal. The structural characteristics of the th...

This study explores the bio-ethanol innovation system in Taiwan from the perspective of a technology innovation system (TIS). Taiwan is a newly industrialized country and is not currently a main producer of bio-ethanol. This study analyzes the evolution of bio-ethanol innovation system in Taiwan and places a particular emphasis on challenges that present policies face in the context of potentia...

A slow pyrolysis of pinewood was investigated in this paper. Through the briquette process, the pinewood sawdust becomes molded biomass. The molded bio-char was produced from molded biomass with different pyrolysis factors, and the bio-char’s heating value, char yield rates, and physicochemical and morphological properties were investigated. Molded bio-char’s characteristics depended principall...

Comprehensive bio-simulation from genes to a body is one of the most important research topics in 21st century. However, no single model or simulator can cover whole-body bio-system. Therefore, it is essential to develop environment for integrating heterogeneous bio-simulators. In this article, three types of key issues for integration of bio-simulators are discussed: (1) a wide variety of scal...