Biosensors have enormous potential to contribute to the evolution of new molecular diagnostic techniques for patients suffering with cancerous diseases. A major obstacle preventing faster development of biosensors pertains to the fact that cancer is a highly complex set of diseases. The oncologists currently rely on a few biomarkers and histological characterization of tumors. Some of the signa...

Over the past decades diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world, thus inventing glucose biosensors with accurate continuous monitoring is of growing concern amongst the scientists worldwide. This manuscript reviews the development of glucose biosensors over the last 50 years since the invention of the first glucose sensing electrode and various approaches con...

Rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases and timely initiation of appropriate treatment are critical determinants that promote optimal clinical outcomes and general public health. Conventional in vitro diagnostics for infectious diseases are time-consuming and require centralized laboratories, experienced personnel and bulky equipment. Recent advances in biosensor technologies have potential to d...

A vapor cooling condensation system was used to deposit high quality intrinsic ZnO thin films and intrinsic ZnO nanorods as the sensing membrane of extended-gate field-effect-transistor (EGFET) glucose biosensors. The sensing sensitivity of the resulting glucose biosensors operated in the linear range was 13.4 μA mM(-1) cm(-2). To improve the sensing sensitivity of the ZnO-based glucose biosens...

Unexplored electrochemical behavior of abiraterone, a recent and widely used prostate cancer drug, in interaction with cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is investigated in this work. The results reported in this work are significant for personalized medicine and point-of-care chemical treatment, especially to improve the life expectancy and quality of...

Microbiological safety assessment in food samples is often a cumbersome and time consuming task that has to be done in a regular basis in most food manufacturing facilities. Standard microbiological techniques for evaluating critical levels of bacteria take several days to yield results, thus the food products have to be withheld in the processing factories until the safety inspection is conclu...

The phenomenon of Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two fluorescent proteins of different hues provides a robust foundation for the design and construction of biosensors for the detection of intracellular events. Accordingly, FRET-based biosensors for a variety of biologically relevant ions, molecules, and specific enzymatic activities, have now been developed a...

A microbial biosensor is an analytical device with a biologically integrated transducer that generates a measurable signal indicating the analyte concentration. This method is ideally suited for the analysis of extracellular chemicals and the environment, and for metabolic sensory regulation. Although microbial biosensors show promise for application in various detection fields, some limitation...

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (also called electrochemiluminescence and abbreviated ECL) involves the generation of species at electrode surfaces that then undergo electron-transfer reactions to form excited states that emit light. ECL biosensor, combining advantages offered by the selectivity of the biological recognition elements and the sensitivity of ECL technique, is a powerful device...

Detection of DNA sequences has received broad attention due to its potential applications in a variety of fields. As sensitivity of DNA biosensors is determined by signal variation of hybridization events, the signal enhancement is of great significance for improving the sensitivity in DNA detection, which still remains a great challenge. Nanomaterials, which possess some unique chemical and ph...