In this article we investigate the possibility of scaling down enzyme-gelatin modified electrodes by spin coating the enzyme-gelatin layer. Special attention is given to the electrochemical behavior of the selected enzymes inside the gelatin matrix. A glassy carbon electrode was used as a substrate to immobilize, in the first instance, horse heart cytochrome c (HHC) in a gelatin matrix. Both a ...

An electrochemical affinity sensor for the determination of fumonisins mycotoxins (Fms) using monoclonal antibody modified screen-printed gold electrode with carbon counter and silver-silver chloride pseudo-reference electrode is reported in this work. A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was initially developed, exhibiting a detection limit of 100 µg·L(-1 )for fumonis...

We have evaluated the carbon-paste enzyme/wall-jet electrode in continuous-flow analysis for glucose in undiluted whole blood. Responses of the electrode to protein-based and aqueous samples under wall-jet configuration are described. Imprecision in the flow-injection mode was less than 2% for glucose values in the usual analytical range (1-25 mmol/L). The dynamic range for glucose was from 0.0...

The review discloses the historical and technological evolution of enzyme-based field-effect transistors (EnFETs) underlying importance gate electrode modification toward implementation novel FETs configurations such as extended-gate FET (EG-FETs) or EG organic (EG-OFETs). working principle EnFETs postulated by Bergveld in 1970, who defined EnFET an ion-selective (ISFET) modified with enzyme-me...

A health monitoring system (HMS) involving a blood extraction device with a new type of hybrid biosensor comprising an enzyme and a semiconductor has recently been developed. A MOSFET was used as the transducer. The gate electrode was extracted from the MOSFET using a cable. Gold (Au)-plate-immobilized glucose oxidase (Go) was used as a biosensor and attached to the gate electrode. Go was immob...

We report fabrication and preliminary testing results of an electrochemical sensor that utilizes a differently modified cyclodextrin-based micro electrode array to simultaneously detect catecholamine neurotransmitters. Individual concentrations of multiple neurotransmitters are known to have critical effects on various human behaviors and diseases; however, their simultaneous detection has been...

This review regards the use of dynamic electrochemistry to study the mechanism of redox enzymes, with exclusive emphasis on the configuration where the protein is adsorbed onto an electrode and electron tranfer is direct. We still often come across the statement these days that redox enzymes are too large and too fragile to interact directly with a metallic electrode without being at least part...

This study aims to characterize the phosphate buffer and urease enzymes through UV-Vis SEM-EDS absorbance spectra using tungsten as an indicator electrode. The method used is a potentiometric biosensor with enzyme immobilization technique for urea analyte. A small detection range of 10-5-10-4M has been studied PVA-enzyme coated electrodes PVC-KTpClPB. On this basis, researchers increased by ana...

We developed a multiplex enzyme-based electrochemical genosensor for sequence-specific detection of multiplex linear-after-the-exponential-PCR amplicons that targeted toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 using novel screen-printed gold electrode bisensors.

Here we report on the optimisation of a reagentless enzyme sensor for the detection of azide based on the mediated reduction of O2 by a laccase enzyme co-immobilised in a redox hydrogel on electrode surfaces. The sensor response is shown to be influenced by the enzyme loading, the electrolyte pH and ionic strength. The response of the sensor is stable, decreasing by only 25% over a sixteen-hour...