OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of growth during infancy and childhood on blood pressure in adolescence. DESIGN Birth cohort study. SETTING Pelotas, southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 749 adolescents with complete information on birth weight and gestational age, as well as on anthropometric data at all three follow up visits (mean age 20 months, 42 months, and 15 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREM...

BACKGROUND Both short and long interpregnancy intervals have been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is limited information about the impact of interpregnancy interval on pregnancy (IPI) outcomes in Tanzania. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of IPI on adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using mat...

BACKGROUND Several birth characteristics are associated with high mortality risk: very young or old mothers, short birth intervals and high birth order. One justification for family planning programs is the health benefits associated with better spacing and timing of births. This study examines the extent to which the prevalence of these risk factors changes as a country transitions from high t...

OBJECTIVE To assess how changes in socioeconomic and public health determinants may have contributed to the reduction in stunting prevalence seen among Cambodian children from 2000 to 2010. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 10 366 children younger than 5 years was obtained from pooled data of cross-sectional surveys conducted in Cambodia in 2000, 2005, and 2010. The authors used a...

Neonatal mortality declined 17 per cent in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2005 Demographic and Health Survey, infant mortality declined 21 per cent and underfive mortality declined 26 per cent. However, mortality rates are still high but birth interval, breastfeeding and birth order reflect strong neonatal and postneonatal mortality decline in many regions. Birth order, mother’s age at childbirth, l...

During male takeovers, in addition to fighting off the female's current mating partner, males may exhibit intense aggressive mate guarding of the newly acquired females. Recent studies indicate that coercive sexual aggression by males is an important strategy through which sexual conflict is expressed. Previous tests of the sexual coercion hypothesis in primates have focused on assessing if fem...

The objective of this study was to investigate whether pigs with different genetic merit for survival differed in birth weight, progress of farrowing, early postnatal behavior, or rectal temperature within 24 h after birth. On a nucleus farm in Rio Verde, Brazil, information was collected on 280 pigs, originating from 25 litters with known estimated breeding values for pig survival (EBVps). Lit...

Introduction Birth spacing is a critical pathway to improving reproductive health. WHO recommends minimum of 33-month interval between two consecutive births reduce maternal, perinatal, infant morbidity and mortality. Our study evaluated factors associated with short birth intervals (SBIs) less than 33 months births, in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods We used data from cross-sectional among married ...