BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) has been shown to have negative and irreversible health impacts on foetal and early childhood development, affecting morbidity and mortality in adulthood. This study aimed to assess in utero Pb exposure, examine birth outcomes, and identify confounding factors in the large cohort of South African population, following the legislated removal of Pb from p...

Let the trunk of a graph G be the graph obtained by removing all leaves of G. We prove that, for every integer c ≥ 2, there are at most finitely many trunks of semiharmonic graphs with cyclomatic number c — in contrast to the fact established by the last two of the present authors in their paper Semiharmonic Bicyclic Graphs (this journal) that there are infinitely many connected semiharmonic gr...

There are more than twenty years ago, caesarean sections for fetal distress were not performed if the fetal weight was less than 1000g or gestational age less than 28 weeks of amenorrhea (WA) [1]. Today, with advances in neonatology, survival to birth weight around 500 grams or gestational ages from 22 weeks of amenorrhea have been reported. This leads practitioners to perform caesarean section...

The present study examines the dynamics of the kanji combinations that form common (or general) and proper nouns in Japanese. The following three results were obtained. First, the degree of distribution results from two similar processes which are based on a steady-state of birth-and-death processes with different birth and death rates, resulting in a positive negative binomial distribution wit...

The incidence of twin births in Accra and Kumasi, the two major cities in Ghana, was investigated. In Accra, data were collected from the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital while data were collected and analyzed from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi. Both hospitals are the leading teaching hospitals in Ghana. The data consisted mainly of single and twin births recorded in the hospitals over...

background: about 21 millions premature and low birth weight (lbw) infants are born in the world every year where the majority of them are in the middle east countries. the literatures have shown that lbw infants and premature infants have a smaller chance to survive than the normal ones. this research carried out to determine the situation of catch up growth of lbw infants in comparison with n...

We assess life history from birth to death in male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) living in a semifree-ranging colony in Gabon, using data collected for 82 males that attained at least the age of puberty, including 33 that reached adulthood and 25 that died, yielding data for their entire lifespan. We describe patterns of mortality and injuries, dominance rank, group association, growth and stat...

in this note, a generalization of higher rank numerical range isintroduced and some of its properties are investigated

Different types of dominance hierarchies reflect different social relationships in primates. In this study, we clarified the hierarchy and social relationships in a one-male unit of captive Rhinopithecus bieti observed between August 1998 and March 1999. Mean frequency of agonistic behaviour among adult females was 0.13 interactions per hour. Adult females exhibited a linear hierarchy with a re...