The physical causes of coastal flooding due to marine storms are discussed. We examine the costs and impacts of storm surges and waves with reference to the UK. The mechanisms of interaction between waves and the mean circulation due to tides and wind are reviewed. A case study to illustrate the magnitude of surges, waves and their interactions is presented for Liverpool Bay in the eastern Iris...

the dardanelles (çanakkale strait) and bosporus (istanbul strait) which have unique hydrographical characteristics were compared regarding the metabolically active bacteria, culturable heterotrophic bacteria (hpc) and their relation to the nutrients and variable environmental parameters. the samples were taken from various depths ranging from 0-30 cm to 50 meters. the halocline stratifications ...

Abstract The Mediterranean-Black Sea system consists of two semi-enclosed basins connected by the Turkish Straits. In turn, Mediterranean is to Atlantic Ocean through narrow Strait Gibraltar. hydrological cycle driven fresh water exchanges between atmosphere, continents and oceans, salty mass exchange among ocean basins. Monitoring such fluxes, especially its time evolution, essential understan...

This paper qualifies the effect of different convection schemes and center-domains on the simulation of winter precipitation over Iran using RegCM3 numerical climate model. It is compressible, finite difference with hydrostatic equilibrium in sigma coordinate with a semi-implicit algorithm for reduction of horizontal diffusion. Iran experienced two dry and wet periods during winters of 1997 and...

This paper analyses current precipitation rates (PRs) and trends over the Mediterranean Sea region and their response to global climate change scenarios. The analysis uses 0.25° gridded PRs dataset over a 13-year period (1998– 2010) based on remote sensing data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. Future scenarios use the results of six global climate models (GCMs) under four represent...

speckled shrimp (metapenaeus monoceros), is a commercially important prawn in the embayments and estuaries of the mediterranean sea. it is originally a lessepsian species which had migrated from the red sea into the mediterranean sea through the suez canal. this study was carried out in the north-eastern mediterranean sea between november 2009 and october 2010 with monthly sampling of speckled ...

Changing migration dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea and differences in infectious diseases (ID) burden between the countries of origin have raised questions whether public health actions are needed to avoid the transmission of ID. Screening newly arrived migrants for ID is one health monitoring option, offering opportunities for prevention, early detection and treatment. The authors conducted ...

The Ships Of Opportunity Program in the Mediterranean Sea was established at the end of 1999, in the framework of the Mediterranean Forecasting System – Pilot Project (MFS-PP). Many improvements have been made in data collection, transmission and management. Calibration of selected XBTs and a comparison of XBTs vs. CTDs during some research cruises have assured the quality of the data. Transmis...

In this study, a synoptic climatological approach is employed to assess the relationship between the frequency of circulation patterns (CPs) and the latitude of mid-September sea ice minima in the western Arctic. Fifteen CPs are created via principal component analysis and cluster analysis from daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis sea-level pressure (SLP) fields across a grid from 50 to 90◦N and 150◦E–10...

This thesis studies the role of cross-isopycnal mixing in general circulation dynamics , from both the theoretical and observational points of view. The first two chapters discuss some theoretical aspects of cross-isopycnal mixing in the oceans. In chapter one, an integral constraint relating the interior stratification and air-sea heat fluxes is derived, based on the condition that the total m...