BACKGROUND A single bolus dose of LMW heparin at the start of haemodialysis effectively prevents clot formation in the dialyser and bubble trap. However, there are few studies on the appropriate dosage of LMW heparins in haemodialysis. Therefore we examined the relationship between the anticoagulant effect of dalteparin and clinical clotting during haemodialysis. METHODS We performed an open,...

INTRODUCTION This section covers the means, as far as we now know them, by which components of the blood plasma produce an insoluble protein meshwork, or gel, at a site of blood-vessel damage. The plasma is normally completely fluid, containing all its proteins in soluble form. When the clotting system is activated at a site of blood-vessel damage, a series of proteolytic reactions is set going...

Clotting systems are required in almost all animals to prevent loss of body fluids after injury. Here, we show that despite the risks associated with its systemic activation, clotting is a hitherto little appreciated branch of the immune system. We compared clotting of human blood and insect hemolymph to study the best-conserved component of clotting systems, namely the Drosophila enzyme transg...

The combined research efforts in our field over the last hundred years made that we now recognise dozens of plasma proteins with a function in the clotting system and a set of platelet components that is of the same order. Progress in molecular biology is such as to have identified some one hundred genes that may influence haemostasis and thrombosis and a new one comes about every month. Nevert...

This article demonstrates that the threshold response of initiation of blood clotting to the size of a patch of stimulus is a robust phenomenon under a wide range of conditions and follows a simple scaling relationship based on the Damköhler number. Human blood and plasma were exposed to surfaces patterned with patches presenting clotting stimuli using microfluidics. Perturbations of the comple...

OBJECTIVES Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture of proteins and contains proteins such as phospholipase and melittin, which have an effect on blood clotting and blood clots. The mechanism of action of honey bee venom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteins and its anti-thrombotic effect were studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-coagulation effect of BV and its ef...

The process of human blood clotting involves a complex interaction of continuous-time/continuous-state processes and discrete-event/discrete-state phenomena, where the former comprise the various chemical rate equations and the latter comprise both threshold-limited behaviors and binary states (presence/absence of a chemical). Whereas previous blood-clotting models used only continuous dynamics...

Derangement of the blood clotting system contributes strongly to multiple organ failure in severe sepsis. In this review, we examine two microbial modulators of the clotting system: polyphosphates and omptins. Polyphosphates are linear polymers of inorganic phosphate that are abundant in the acidocalcisomes of prokaryotes and unicellular organisms as well as in the dense granules of human plate...

The inflammatory response is the rapid initiation and interplay of humoral (dissolved in blood) cellular systems designed to limit degree tissue damage, destroy infectious microorganisms, initiate an adaptive immune response, healing process. This review aimed comprehensively describe role innate immunity. Three key plasma protein are essential for effective response. These complement system, c...