Melatonin, acting through melatonin receptors, is involved in numerous physiological processes including circadian entrainment, blood pressure regulation, oncogenesis, retinal physiology, seasonal reproduction, ovarian physiology, immune function and most recently in inducing osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, melatonin was proved to be a potent-free radical scavenger and a broad-spectrum an...

Clinical applications of heart-lung interactions have centered on the impact of ventilation on regional blood flow and the measures of cardiovascular responsiveness to both positive end-expiratory pressure and fluid resuscitation. These new and exciting applications of established physiology provide new therapeutic options for the caregiver with reduced risk for complications in the patient. Th...

The microcirculation of the liver has important roles in maintenance of liver function. It guarantees the supply of the parenchymal tissue with oxygen and nutrients, serves as the gate for leukocyte entrance in hepatic inflammation, and is responsible for the clearance of toxic materials and foreign bodies from the bloodstream. The morphology and physiology of the hepatic microcirculation are d...

Considering the emphasis of Islam on the importance of fasting, Muslims attempt to fast from dawn until sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. Fasting is associated with several benefits for normal and healthy individuals. However, it could pose high risks to the health of diabetic patients due to certain physiological changes. This study aimed to compare the physiological changes associated ...

Labor is a physiological event involving a sequential, integrated set of changes within the myometrium, deciduas, and uterine cervix that occur gradually over a period of days to weeks. Biochemical connective tissue changes in the uterine cervix appear to precede uterine contractions and cervical dilation, and all of these events usually occur before rupture of the fetal membranes. In other wor...

A software model of intracranial dynamics was developed using existing relationships between patient physiology and brain dynamics. The relationship between the physiologic parameters arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO,), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO,), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), temperature (T) and brain dynamics were obtained from literature and were coded...

Central regulation of metabolic physiology is mediated critically through neuronal functions; however, whether astrocytes are also essential remains unclear. Here we show that the high-order processes of astrocytes in the mediobasal hypothalamus displayed shortening in fasting and elongation in fed status. Chronic overnutrition and astrocytic IKKβ/NF-κB upregulation similarly impaired astrocyti...

Blood fluidity in the capillaries is affected significantly in diseases such as cardiac and brain infarcts, diabetic gangrene and many others. In view of the importance of physiology and pathology of capillary circulation, the hemorheological characteristics of the capillary blood flow are discussed in this article. Also, a new diagnosing technique for blood fluidity disorders is proposed. A co...

in the name of God, most gracious, most merciful Physiology and Pharmacology Indexing: Index Copernicus (IC), Scientific Information Database (SID) Physiology and Pharmacology is the official publication of the Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology. The journal publishes full-length original articles in physiology, pharmacology and related subjects. Editorial office: ...

BACKGROUND Intensivists spend much of their time managing problems related to fluids, electrolytes, and blood pH. Recent advances in the understanding of acid-base physiology have resulted from the application of basic physical-chemical principles of aqueous solutions to blood plasma. All changes in blood pH, in health and in disease, occur through changes in three variables: carbon dioxide, re...