Shigellosis is an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. Antibiotic treatment of bacterial dysentery, aimed at resolving diarrhea or reducing its duration is especially indicated whenever malnutrition is present. First-line drugs include ampicillin and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX); however multidrug-resistance has occurred and careful antibiotic selection...

INTRODUCTION Haemobilia is an uncommon entity even though its frequency has increased with hepato-biliary instrumentation and procedures. It can be associated with obstructive jaundice and pancreatitis (Green et al., 2001) [1]. Haemobilia following cholecystectomy has frequently been reported in association with hepatic artery pseudo-aneurysm (Curet et al., 1981; Ribeiro et al., 1998) [2,3]. Th...

positive samples have been identifi ed during outbreaks. Molecular methods may serve as an adjunct to traditional laboratory methods by improving sensitivity and also enabling diagnosis of Shigella spp. outbreaks among remote populations where specimen storage and transport requirements may be challenging (10). We describe extremely high rates of resistance of Shigella spp. to cotrimoxazole, th...

Campylobacter curvus is a rarely encountered Campylobacter species in human, animal, and environmental samples. During the course of two investigations, one involving a search for possible bacterial agents causing bloody gastroenteritis and a second concerning a small outbreak of Brainerd's diarrhea in northern California, 20 strains of C. curvus or C. curvus-like organisms were isolated by a m...

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MBP) is an extreme form of child abuse where children were unnecessarily treated or investigated for medical conditions that were falsified by their caregivers. Here the authors report a 16-year-old female with the complaints of bleeding from multiple and unusual sites, including hemoptysis, hematuria, bloody tears, and bloody nipple discharge, all of which are onl...

An 80-year-old man, who had been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, was admitted due to a fever and bloody diarrhea and was treated with a glucocorticoid and azathioprine. After 5 days, he developed an impaired consciousness, headache, and neck stiffness. A sample of the colonic mucosa, blood cultures, and cerebrospinal fluid revealed Listeria monocytogenes infection. Intravenous ampicillin imp...

Bo\^NE COCCIDIOSIS is an infectious disease of cattle, known in its spectacular form as bloody scours or red diarrhea because of the characteristic bloody fecal discharges seen in severe cases. The disease is of economic importance in many parts of the world, including the United States {1, 12, 15).^ To the outright loss from fatal infections, which may take a heavy toll among calves, must be a...

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of non-productive cough and right chest pain. Chest radiographs showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, diffuse granular nodules and right pleural effusion. Serum angiotensin-II-converting enzyme and lysozyme levels were elevated. Since thoracentesis indicated bloody pleurisy, video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed and revealed multi...

A 29-year-old woman presented with bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. She was diagnosed with Escherichia coli O104:H4-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and treated with plasmapheresis and hemodialysis for 3 weeks. She recovered without sequelae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Escherichia coli O104:H4-...