BACKGROUND The Global Pertussis Initiative, an expert scientific forum, was established to address the ongoing problems associated with pertussis disease worldwide. METHODS The group analyzed pertussis disease trends, developed recommendations to improve disease control through expanded vaccination strategies, and proposed solutions to barriers to implementation and support of research activi...

Although the phase I Coxiella burnetii cellular vaccine is completely efficacious in humans, adverse local and systemic reactions may develop if immune individuals are inadvertently vaccinated. The phase I chloroform-methanol residue (CMRI) vaccine was developed as a potentially safer alternative. Human volunteers with no evidence of previous exposure to C. burnetii received a subcutaneous vacc...

BACKGROUND Various strategies have been applied to improve the response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in hemodialysis patients. OBJECTIVES The present study was under taken to compare the seroconversion rate of hemodialysis patients who had not respond to 3 intramuscular (IM) doses (40 μg each) of HBV vaccine , after a fourth IM dose (40 μg) of HBV vaccine that was administered alone...

BACKGROUND Agricultural Workers are both more exposed to tetanus and at higher risk to be inadequately immunized than other usual recipients of the same vaccine. STUDY DESIGN Our cross-sectional questionnaire-based study aimed to evaluate tetanus vaccination status, knowledge, attitudes and practices in Agricultural Workers in North-Eastern Italy. METHODS Bivariate and multivariate logistic...

The use of different types of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine in different vaccination schemes has decreased the incidence of velogenic Newcastle disease (VND) in commercial poultry worldwide. In under-developed countries like Pakistan, these vaccination schemes are not successful due to free-range and backyard poultry production. This trial was conducted in 90 experimental chickens to develop a...

BACKGROUND Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) arising in childhood is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in adult life. Between 1986 and 1990, approximately 120,000 Gambian newborns were enrolled in a randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of infant HBV vaccination on the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in adulthood. These children are now in adolescenc...

Increased vaccine doses and mid-season boosting may increase the proportion of residents with protective immunity from influenza in long-term care facilities. In a multi-center study (1997-1998), 815 residents from 14 long-term care facilities were assigned at random to receive 15 or 30 microg of inactivated influenza vaccine, followed by a 15 microg booster vaccine or a placebo vaccine at Day ...

of the clinical presentation of the disease. The diagnosis can be suspected but not confirmed in the emergency depart­ ment (ED). In addition to recognizing the clinical presentation of tetanus, EPs play a vital role in the prevention of the disease. Primary pediatric vaccination and regular decennial booster vaccination are the mainstays of disease prevention and sever­ ity modulation. Herd im...

BACKGROUND Most trauma patients visit the hospital via the emergency department. They are at high risk for tetanus infection because many trauma patients are wounded. Tetanus immunity in the Korean population has been revealed to be decreased in age groups over 20 years old. It is important for emergency physicians to vaccinate patients with the tetanus booster in wound management. METHODS Qu...

T cells have diversity in TCR, epitope recognition, and cytokine production, and can be used for immune monitoring. Furthermore, clonal expansion of TCR families in disease may provide opportunities for TCR-directed therapies. We developed methodology for sequencing expressed genes of TCR alpha and beta chains from single cells and applied this to vaccine (tetanus-toxoid)-responsive CD4(+) T ce...