Abstract Background and Aims: To identify and isolation of viruses a susceptible cell is need which can be primary or line. The use of primary cells is laborious, time consuming and expensive, while the use of cell lines is much easier and faster. IRKHBK cell line was originated from primary cells of bovine kidney by continuous passage. The aim of this study was to introduce the IRKHBK cell ...

This study aims to characterize the presence of virulence factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causing traveler's diarrhea. Among 52 ETEC isolates, the most common toxin type was STh, and the most frequent colonization factors (CFs) were CS21, CS6, and CS3. On the other hand, the nonclassical virulence factors EAST1 and EatA were frequently present.

CLINICAL QUESTION Should the oral cholera vaccine be routinely recommended to prevent traveler's diarrhea (TD)? BOTTOM LINE Randomized controlled trials evaluating oral cholera vaccine for TD did not show a benefit and routine use is not recommended.

The significance of acute diarrheal illness, a common disorder in infants and children, is presented. Although in developed countries this disease is seldom fatal, it is the second most common reason that children are hospitalized. Methods for managing acute diarrhea and its subsequent dehydration, including intravenous rehydration and refeeding, are discussed, with emphasis placed on the use o...

In order to study the seroprevalence of pestivirus infection in small ruminants of Ahvaz at Khouzestan province of Iran, 148 sheep sera and 143 goat sera were randomly collected and tested by seroneutralization. Seroneutralization was performed by NADL strain of Bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1. The results indicated the overall seroprevanelces of 46.62% in sheep and 32.871% in goats. Pre...

Cryptosporidium spp. are a leading cause of diarrhea in Indian children, but there are no data for prevalent species or subgenotypes. Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and spatial analysis of cases using Geographical Information Systems technology was carried out for 53 children with cryptosporidial diarrhea in an urban slum. The tw...

Food is the primary vehicle of transmission for traveler's diarrhea. We evaluated coliform contamination of vegetables from popular restaurants in Guadalajara, Mexico, and Houston, Texas. Contamination of vegetables in Guadalajara restaurants was widespread. Prevention of traveler's diarrhea by avoidance of "high-risk" foods may be unsuccessful, because contamination of foods may occur regardle...