objective(s):estrogen (e2) has neuroprotective effects on blood-brain-barrier (bbb) after traumatic brain injury (tbi). in order to investigate the roles of estrogen receptors (ers) in these effects, er-α antagonist (mpp) and, er-β antagonist (phtpp), or non-selective estrogen receptors antagonist (ici 182780) were administered. materials and methods: ovariectomized rats were divided into 10 gr...

The unique properties of brain capillary endothelium, critical in maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and restricting water permeability across the BBB, have important consequences on fluid hydrodynamics inside the BBB hereto inadequately recognized. Recent studies indicate that the mechanisms underlying brain water dynamics are distinct from systemic tissue water dynamics. Hydrostatic pr...

Introduction The clinical application of chemotherapy to brain tumors has been severely limited because antitumor agents are typically unable to penetrate an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nonlocalized diffuse opening of the BBB permits drugs to reach the brain but can have dose-limiting side effects. MRI-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) can be applied to the brain to temporarily disrupt the ...

As systemic cancer therapies improve and are able to control metastatic disease outside the central nervous system, the brain is increasingly the first site of relapse. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a major challenge to the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Macrophages originating from circulating monocytes are able to infiltrate brain metastases while the BBB is intact. Here, w...

Two-pore domain potassium channels, like KCNK2, are known to play an important role in inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMECs) of Kcnk2-/- mice resulted in elevated leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system under inflammatory conditions. The current project aims to gain...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized brain endothelial structure of the fully differentiated neurovascular system. In concert with pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, the BBB separates components of the circulating blood from neurons. Moreover, the BBB maintains the chemical composition of the neuronal "milieu," which is required for proper functioning of neuronal circuits, s...

A tissue with great need to be modeled in vitro is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a tight barrier that covers all blood vessels in the brain and separates the brain microenvironment from the blood system. It consists of three cell types [neurovascular unit (NVU)] that contribute to the unique tightness and selective permeability of the BBB and has been shown to be disrupted in many d...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic cellular that regulates brain nutrient supply, waste efflux, and paracellular diffusion through specialized junctional complexes. Finding system to mimic monitor BBB integrity (i.e., be able assess the effect of certain compounds on opening or closing barrier) vital importance in several pathologies. This work aims overcome some limitations current mea...

Background The effect of polar organic xenobiotics in the central nervous system depends on blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of these compounds. Newly synthesized pyridinium aldoximes (K-compounds) are promising antidotes for organophosphate intoxications. However, being highly polar, their BBB penetration is questionable. Using an in vivo model we aimed to characterize the BBB penetration...

The brain requires a stable internal environment, which is established by the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The efficacy of chemotherapeutics in the treatment of brain malignancies is often hampered by the presence of the BBB. BBB disruption can be performed either by osmotic disruption, bradykinin or irradiation. Radiotherapy with doses of 20 to 30 Gy with fraction size of 2 Gy m...