Objectives: The blood-brain barrier is a selective diffusion barrier between brain parenchyma and the intravascular compartment. Tight junctions are integral components of the blood-brain barrier. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are important in the pathogenesis of brain injury and could modify the protein constituents of tight junctions. We hypothesized that interleukin-6 (IL-6) downregulates key p...

The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is, like P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ABC family of drug transporters. These proteins actively transport various anticancer drugs from cells, causing multidrug resistance. The physiological expression of P-gp/ABCB1 at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively restricts the brain uptake of many antitumor drugs by mediating their active ...

(;lucose is the primary energy source for mammalian brain and a continuous supply is vital for normal cerebral function. At rest, the brain is responsible for metabolizing up to 60% of the available circulating glucose, and the efficient transport of glucose across the blood-brain barrier (BRH) and into the various cells that make up the brain is essential. Of the six facilitative glucose trans...

The aim. aim of the work was to establish organotropy metastases glioblastoma (glioma C6) implanted intracranially or intramuscularly, as well determine diameter blood vessels microvascular network in organs tumor-bearing animals. (rats). Materials and methods. objects study were: brain, thoracic abdominal cavities rats. studies were carried out on histological preparations visually morphometri...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Astrocytes, neurons, and microvessels together form a neurovascular unit allowing blood flow to match neuronal activity. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is an important signaling molecule in the brain, and dilation in response to ADP is astrocyte-dependent in rats and newborn pigs. Carbon monoxide (CO), produced endogenously by catabolism of heme to CO, iron, and biliverdin v...

We investigated whether prostaglandins regulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the pig cerebral vasculature during the neonatal period. Prostaglandins, eNOS mRNA, eNOS protein, and NO production were higher in cerebral microvessels of newborn (1 day old) than in those of adult (6- to 8-month-old) pigs. The treatment of isolated cerebral microvessels of newborn animals with ibuprofe...

Cutaneous microvasculopathy complicates wound healing. Functional assessment of gated individual dermal microvessels is therefore of outstanding interest. Functional performance of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) systems is compromised by motion artefacts. To address such weakness, post-processing of stacked images is reported. We report the first post-processing of binary raw data from a...

Delivery of therapeutic genes represents a fascinating possibility to accelerate injury-repairing process in tissues that are otherwise difficult to treat, such as cerebral ischemia. Current studies indicate that gene transfer-induced focal angiogenesis in the brain may provide an important therapeutic strategy. In the present study, we reported the efficacy of induction of angiogenesis with an...

To identify specific transporters that drive xenobiotics from central nervous system to blood, the accumulation of fluorescent drugs was studied in isolated capillaries from rat and pig brain using confocal microscopy and quantitative image analysis. Luminal accumulation of daunomycin and of fluorescent derivatives of cyclosporine A (CSA) and ivermectin was concentrative, specific, and energy-d...

C ell viability in the brain is critically dependent on uninterrupted blood flow through the microvasculature. However, microvessels, because of their small diameter and low-flow velocity, are prone to occlusion by blood clots, fragments of atheromatous plaques, or other circulating debris. Furthermore, microvascular occlusions can occur after large-vessel thrombosis because of blood stasis or ...