BACKGROUND Tobacco use is responsible for 5.4 million deaths every year worldwide and is a leading cause of preventable death. The burden of these deaths is rapidly shifting to low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil. Brazil has prohibited most forms of tobacco advertising; however, the cigarette pack remains a primary source of marketing. The current study examined how tobacco packagin...

Brands build relationships between consumers and products, services, or lifestyles by providing beneficial exchanges and adding value to their objects. Brands can be measured through associations that consumers hold for products and services. Public health brands are the associations that individuals hold for health behaviors, or lifestyles that embody multiple health behaviors. We systematical...

This study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional significance and phytochemicals of branded and unbranded honey samples. Thirteen samples were collected or purchased from different area of Khyber Pakhtun Khawa (KPK) Pakistan. The branded and unbranded honeys samples under study were Marhaba, Qarshi, Versatile, Al-hayat, Young’s, Pak-salman, Langness, Big bees honey, Small bees honey, Beera...

BACKGROUND In Korea, the prevalence of nickel allergy has shown a sharply increasing trend. Cobalt contact allergy is often associated with concomitant reactions to nickel, and is more common in Korea than in western countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of items that release nickel and cobalt on the Korean market. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total ...

To determine whether an AIDS prevention mass media campaign influenced risk perception, self-efficacy and other behavioural predictors. We used household survey data collected from 2,213 sexually experienced male and female Kenyans aged 15-39. Respondents were administered a questionnaire asking them about their exposure to branded and generic mass media messages concerning HIV/AIDS and condom ...

herbal medicines have been used for centuries to treat different illnesses. among more than 20,000 herbal medicines available for humans, a limited number have sufficiently been studied and numerous remained to be investigated for their efficacy in treating human diseases. a number of herbal products are in use for their immunosuppressive effects. this capacity of herbs may have useful applicat...

A heated debate has recently emerged between tiger farmers and conservationists about the potential consequences of lifting the ban on trade in farmed tiger products in China. This debate has caused unfounded speculation about the extent of the potential market for tiger products. To fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed 1880 residents from a total of six Chinese cities to understand Urban Chine...

PURPOSE To compare the dose uniformity of difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Durezol(®)) with both branded and generic prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension 1% under different simulated patient usage conditions. METHODS Drug concentrations of difluprednate emulsion, branded prednisolone acetate suspension (Pred Forte(®)) and generic prednisolone acetate suspension following three s...

BACKGROUND The prescribing behaviour of doctors is influenced by the pharmaceutical industry. This study investigated the extent to which contacts with pharmaceutical sales representatives (PSR) and the perception of these contacts influence prescribing habits. METHOD An online questionnaire regarding contact with PSRs and perceptions of this contact was sent to 1,388 doctors, 11.5% (n = 160)...

AIMS To (1) test if activation in brain regions related to reward (nucleus accumbens) and emotion (amygdala) differ when branded and plain packs of cigarettes are viewed, (2) test whether these activation patterns differ by smoking status and (3) examine whether activation patterns differ as a function of visual attention to health warning labels on cigarette packs. DESIGN Cross-sectional obs...