We analyzed photometric measurements and images of comet C/LINEAR before perihelion and after its breakup. Results from our photometry data include a lower limit of 0.44 kilometer for the radius of the nucleus before breakup, and a determination that it was depleted in carbon-chain molecules relative to most other comets. Our imaging and modeling results, which include a constraint on the rotat...

The primary objective of this study was to investigate and validate a predictive, turbulence based primary breakup model. The ESE model is based on a modeled evolution of the turbulent energy spectrum, and is sufficiently general that it may be applied to a broad range of pressure-atomized spray processes, such as those found in agricultural irrigation, industrial coating, automotive fuel injec...

Deformation and breakup of a viscous drop in a Bingham liquid is investigated numerically with a volume-of-fluid scheme. Initially, a spherical drop is placed between two moving parallel plates. For our parameters, the matrix liquid has yielded. The competing effects driving the motion are the shear and interfacial tension. When interfacial tension effects dominate, the drop evolves to a steady...

Modeling the primary atomization of turbulent liquid jets and sheets still remains an unsolved problem. Considering numerical grid resolutions typical for Large Eddy Simulations, the large scale liquid structures during primary breakup are well resolved, whereas all small scale structures are unresolved and thus require modeling. To help in the derivation of such subgrid models, DNS of the turb...

Liquid metal wires supported on substrates destabilize into droplets. The destabilization exhibits many characteristics of the Rayleigh-Plateau model of fluid jet breakup in vacuum. In either case, breakup is driven by unstable, varicose surface oscillations with wavelengths greater than the critical one (λ(c)). Here, by controlling the nanosecond liquid lifetime as well as stability of a rivul...

We report the first observation of four-body breakup in electron dissociative recombination of a molecular ion: C2D+5. In an ion storage ring experiment, the branching ratio for the process C2D+5 + e(-)-->C2D2 + D + D + D was determined to be 13%. This means that three covalent chemical bonds are broken as a result of the action of a single electron. This is the first time a four-body breakup o...

In this work, we mechanically perturb a liquid-in-liquid jet to manipulate the size and structure of the droplets formed from breakup of the jet. The induced breakup is relatively insensitive to fluctuations in the surrounding fluid flow. When the amplitude of perturbations is large and the interfacial tension of the liquid-liquid system is low, the size of the droplets can be precisely tuned b...

Calculations of the breakup of B and Be are performed with the aim of analyzing their sensitivity to the projectile description. Several potentials adjusted on the same experimental data are used for each projectile. The results vary significantly with the potential choice, and this sensitivity differs from one projectile to the other. In the B case, the breakup cross section is approximately s...

The stability of centimeter scale air bubbles is studied in quiescent suspending liquid under an imposed oscillatory acceleration field. Experiments were performed in reduced- and normal-gravity environments. A strong acceleration resulted in an instability leading to the breakups of the bubbles in both gravity environments. The breakup onset was investigated and found to be characterized by a ...

The integral relations formalism introduced in [P. Barletta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 090402 (2009); C. Romero-Redondo et al., Phys. Rev. A 83, 022705 (2011)] and designed to describe 1 +N reactions is extended here to collision energies above the threshold for the target breakup. These two relations are completely general, and in this work they are used together with the adiabatic expansio...