Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid constitutes 80% of thyroid malignancies in adults. Females are affected at least twice as often as males. It metastasizes to distant sites very rarely, but to the cervical nodes quite often. Occasionally metastatic lymph node enlargement is the sole presenting feature. t.3.6.7 The tumor is slow growing and sometimes the patient has good survival even in s...

breast cancer  patients  are  susceptible to  infections such  as  candidiasis. due  to  the importance and the role of matrix metalloproteinases (mmp) in breast cancer progression and its correlation with tumor metastasis, we analyzed the serum level of mmps -2, -3, -9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (timp-1) in breast cancer bearing mice in the presence of systemic candida ...

BACKGROUND Brain metastasis is a major complication of breast cancer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of age and biological subtype on the risk and timing of brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast by determining estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 status. Time to brain metastasis a...

  Abstract   Background: The Iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than their   Western counterparts. Evidence suggests that alterations in estrogen signaling pathways , including estrogen receptor-α (ER- α ), occur during breast cancer development in Caucasians. Epidemiologic studies have revealed that age-incidence patterns of breast cancer in Asians differ from those in Cauca...

The skeletal muscle is an unusual site for metastasis from breast cancer. We present two cases of breast cancer that relapsed as skeletal muscle metastasis without other distant organ metastasis. We performed the core needle biopsy of metastatic sites and confirmed discordance in estrogen receptor, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression between primary b...

Bone is the second most common site of metastasis in breast cancer and bone metastases usually occur in the advanced stages of the disease(1). Breast cancer metastases are usually multiple and frequently involve more than one organ site(2). Bone metastases are usually multiple, affecting the vertebral body and pelvis. They usually appear as lytic and blastic lesions(3). A single metastasis rare...

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death in breast cancer patients, which is controlled by specific sets of genes. Targeting these genes may provide a means to delay cancer progression and allow local treatment to be more effective. We report for the first time that ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is the most amplified gene in ARF gene family in breast cancer, and high-level ampli...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The primary mediator of angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It is well documented that angiogenic activity in human cancer depends on nitric oxide (NO) levels in tissues. Additionally, urokinase type plasminogen activator (u-PA) plays a role in cell adhesion and migration. Serum VEGF and its relationship between NO and u-PA concentrations are poorly...

introduction: breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and her-2 is one importantly prognostic factor in this cancer. tumor markers use as a criterion for predicting recurrence, but in breast cancer physical examination and mammography are important factors that are recommended for following up the recurrence. the aim of this study was to assess the correlation between breast ...

background: although multifocal and multicentric breast cancers are a common entity, their clinical behavior is not well characterized. with the widespread use of mammographic screening and improved sensitivity of imaging modalities, the detection of multifocal and multicentric breast cancers is likely to continuously increase. many studies have consistently shown a correlation between multifoc...