Passive microwave radiometers onboard satellite can penetrate clouds and can monitor the global sea ice distribution on daily basis. It is not easy to extract sea ice thickness information from satellite data. In 2012, the authors have developed a method to detect thin ice area using the brightness temperature data derived from the passive microwave sensor AMSR-E onboard Aqua satellite. The bas...

Active fire detection using satellite thermal sensors usually involves thresholding the detected brightness temperature in several bands. The frequently used features for fire detection are the brightness temperature in the 4-micron wavelength band (T4) and the brightness temperature difference between the 4-micron and 11-micron bands (dT=T4-T11). The thresholds used are determined empirically ...

Satellites with microwave sensors onboard observing land surface from space consist of signal contributions from surface and atmosphere. The upwelling microwave signals are less attenuated by the atmosphere hence, for earthly located features remote sensing satellite microwave sensors have an advantage over visible sensor systems. In order to monitor snow cover with passive microwave data, brig...

With the advent of the microwave radiometer, passive remote sensing of clouds and precipitation has become an indispensable tool in a variety of meteorological and oceanographical applications. There is wide interest in the quantitative retrieval of water vapor, cloud liquid, and ice using brightness temperature observations in scientific studies such as earth’s radiation budget and microphysic...

We observed 17 GHz microwave-enhanced regions in equatorial coronal holes (ECH) together with extreme-ultraviolet (EUV), far-ultraviolet (FUV) and visible emissions in a search for temperature increases which might explain the bright spots in radio wavelengths. The ultraviolet (UV) observations span a wide range of formation temperatures (8000 K to 630 000 K). Increased UV emission was observed...

[1] Radiometric sensitivity to soil moisture at 1.4 GHz through a corn canopy at a maximum biomass of 8.0 kg m 2 (water column density of 6.3 kg m ) was much higher than expected. The magnitude of the measured sensitivity of horizontally polarized brightness temperature to the 0–3 cm volumetric soil water content was at least 1.5 K per 0.01 m m 3 and could have been as high as 2.5 K per 0.01 m ...

I re-examine the brightness temperature problem in PKS 0405-385 which is an extreme intra-day variable radio quasar with an inferred brightness temperature of ∼ 5×10 K at 5 GHz, well above the Compton catastrophe limit of ∼ 10 K reached when the synchrotron photon energy density exceeds the energy density of the magnetic field. If one takes into account the uncertainty in the distance to the io...

Sea ice concentration can be retrieved from passive microwave data using the NASA Team algorithm or the Artist Sea Ice (ASI) algorithm, for example. The brightness temperature measurements obtained from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) instrument or the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) are commonly used for this purpose. Due to the coarse resolution of these instru...

[1] A radiative transfer model (RTM) that provides a link between model states and satellite observations (e.g., brightness temperature) can act as an observation operator in land data assimilation to directly assimilate brightness temperatures. In this study, a microwave Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) was developed with three RTMs (The radiative transfer model for bare field (QH), land e...

Processing of pyrotechnic composition flare image by developed software allows you to select the shape and dimensions shining body flare, divide it into zones according brightness level, determine temperature radiation force each isolated zone. The zone was determined comparing with a known object. In work shown, maximum in reaches 2523 K, visible spectrum is 442 W/sr. Keywords: composition, zo...