The reaction of phenyl acetate with pyrazole is catalyzed by general bases and by bifunctional general acids. The Br~lnsted plot for general base catalysis shows downward curvature. It is consistent with either a Hammond effect on proton transfer, as described by a positive coefficient p x = a/3/-apKAH, or separate lines with p = 0.65 for cacodylate and substituted acetate monoanions and /3 = 0...

The direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) represents one of the most exciting future clean energy solutions in modern research, because ethanol can be sustainably produced from biomass, is relatively nontoxic and, most importantly, has a high energy density. The exceptional energy density is due to the transfer of 12 electrons from ethanol during complete electrochemical oxidation (as opposed to six ...

Bacterial alkaline phosphatase is an active catalyst for the hydrolysis of N-phosphorylated pyridines, with values of the second-order rate constant kmt/Km in the range 0.4-1.2 X lo6 M-1 s-l a t pH 8.0, 25 OC. There is little or no dependence of the rate on the pKa of the leaving group; the value of @le is 0 f 0.05, which may be compared with @le = -1 .O for the nonenzymic reaction. Phosphoryla...

Natural polymer like potato starch is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin, . Extraction of Potato starch was performed by rasping, centrifugation, refining and drying method. In our research method, we employed potato starch as a biodegradable polymer; It has a great impact on pharmaceutical applications due to its bioavailability, non toxic, high change density and biodegradability. In our re...

•Self-assembly of endohedrally functionalized chiral metal-organic cages•Aggregation-caused quenching inhibition, CPL induction, and amplification promotion•X-ray single-crystallographic analysis both the cages host-dye adducts Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is attractive in understanding excited-state chirality has wide applications advanced chiroptical materials. Chiral organic molec...

•Unique axial-to-axial chirality transfer for C–N axial construction•Ability to assemble two vicinal and remote stereogenic axes•Step-economic scalable synthesis of enantioenriched phenanthridinones•Broad scope, good yields, excellent enantioselectivities Axial widely exists in bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, chiral materials, ligands catalysts asymmetric catalysis. As such, the ef...