The interfacial structure of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) controls many of the unique properties of RTILs, such as the high capacitance of RTILs and the efficiency of charge transport between RTILs and electrodes. RTILs have been experimentally shown to exhibit interfacial molecular layering structures over a 10 Å length scale. However, the driving force behind the formation of these ...

Models of complex systems are widely used in the physical and social sciences, and the concept of layering, typically building upon graph-theoretic structure, is a common feature. We describe an intuitionistic substructural logic that gives an account of layering. As in bunched systems, the logic includes the usual intuitionistic connectives, together with a non-commutative, non-associative con...

The Directed Layering Problem (DLP) solves a step of the widely used layer-based approach to automatically draw directed acyclic graphs. To cater for cyclic graphs, usually a preprocessing step is used that solves the Feedback Arc Set Problem (FASP) to make the graph acyclic before a layering is determined. Here we present the Generalized Layering Problem (GLP), which solves the combination of ...

PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the fit of zirconia ceramics before and after veneering, using 3 different veneering processes (layering, press-over, and CAD-on techniques). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty standardized zirconia CAD/CAM frameworks were constructed and divided into three groups of 10 each. The first group was veneered using the traditional layering technique. Press-over and C...

Airborne LiDAR point cloud of a forest contains three dimensional data, from which vertical stand structure (including information about under-story trees) can be derived. This paper presents a segmentation approach for multi-story stands that strips the point cloud to its canopy layers, identifies individual tree segments within each layer using a DSM-based tree identification method as a buil...

PURPOSE This review of six clinical trials provides a comprehensive overview of the results of statistical analyses to explore between-brush differences, specifically in the lingual, gingival marginal, and approximal ("hard-to-clean") areas, in post-brushing plaque removal of oscillating-rotating (O-R) power toothbrushes compared to either a marketed sonic power toothbrush or a manual toothbrus...

All previously published papers were reproduced with permission from the publisher. ABSTRACT Introduction and aim: Pain due to a light moving mechanical stimulus, dynamic mechanical allodynia, is a protruding symptom/sign in subgroups of patients with peripheral neuropathic pain and frequently as troublesome as spontaneous ongoing pain. The objective of this thesis was to survey psychophysical ...

Acoustic emission transducers were used to study the brush/rotor interface of a homopolar motor as a function of design parameters such as speed and load. The results indicate that acoustic emission is well suited for in situ monitoring of brush wear and rotor conditions, and for analyzing the tribological phenomena occurring at the brush/rotor interface. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.