In developing limbs, numerous signaling molecules have been identified but less is known about the mechanisms by which such signals direct patterning. We have explored signal transduction pathways in the chicken limb bud. A cDNA encoding RACK1, a protein that binds and stabilizes activated protein kinase C (PKC), was isolated in a screen for genes induced by retinoic acid (RA) in the chick wing...

The yeast C-type cyclin Ume3p/Srb11p and its cyclin-dependent kinase partner Ume5p/Srb10p repress the transcription of several genes required for meiotic recombination or meiosis I nuclear division. To relieve this repression, Srbllp is destroyed early in meiosis, prior to the first meiotic division. This report identifies two roles for Srb11p in regulating meiotic development. First, SRB11 is ...

Apical senescence but not flower initiation is delayed by short days (SD) compared to long days (LD) in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) of genotype E Sn Hr. We recently reported that delay of senescence correlated with slower reproductive development, suggesting that fruits are weaker sinks for assimilates under delayed senescence conditions. Thus, we have examined assimilate partitioning in peas...

Vertebrate limb induction is triggered in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) by a cascade of signaling events originating in the axial mesoderm. While it is known that Fgf, Wnt and retinoic acid (RA) signals are involved in this cascade, their precise regulatory hierarchy has not been determined in any species. tbx5 is the earliest gene expressed in the limb bud mesenchyme. Recently, another tran...

The great economic importance of sugar beet determines the ongoing biotechnological studies conducted worldwide to improve technology obtaining doubled haploids (DHs) using method unpollinated ovule culture in vitro. To induction gynogenesis, we tested effect thidiazuron (TDZ), temperature bud pretreatment, different concentrations sucrose, and culturing on liquid or solid medium. Three genotyp...

Apical senescence but not flower initiation is delayed by short days (SD) compared to long days (LD) in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) of genotype E Sn Hr. We recently reported that delay of senescence correlated with slower reproductive development, suggesting that fruits are weaker sinks for assimilates under delayed senescence conditions. Thus, we have examined assimilate partitioning in peas...

BACKGROUND The importance of endogenous antagonists in intracellular signal transduction pathways is becoming increasingly recognized. There is evidence in cultured mammalian cells that Pyst1/MKP3, a dual specificity protein phosphatase, specifically binds to and inactivates ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). High-level Pyst1/Mkp3 expression has recently been found at many sites ...

The cadherin gene family encodes calcium-dependent adhesion molecules that promote homophilic interactions among cells. During embryogenesis, differential expression of cadherins can drive morphogenesis by stimulating cell aggregation, defining boundaries between groups of cells and promoting cell migration. In this report, the expression patterns of cadherins were examined by immunocytochemist...

The protein kinase C of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pkc1, regulates a MAP kinase, Mpk1, whose activity is stimulated at the G1-S transition of the cell cycle and by perturbations to the cell surface, e.g. induced by heat shock. The activity of the Pkc1 pathway is partially dependent on Cdc28 activity. Swi4 activates transcription of many genes at the G1-S transition, including CLN1 and CLN2. We f...

Dormancy Associated MADS-box genes are SVP/MADs-box members and supposed to play crucial roles in plant dormancy of perennial species. In Prunus mume, PmDAM6 has been previously identified to induce plant dormancy. In the current study, six PmDAMs were cloned in P. mume and functionally analyzed in yeast and tobacco to detect the roles of the genes paralogous to PmDAM6. The expression patterns ...