The objective of this review is to describe recent research findings related to the use of milk or blood urea nitrogen to identify inefficiencies in protein nutrition and estimate nitrogen excretion. A mathematical model was developed to integrate milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and milk composition to predict urinary and fecal excretion, intake, and utilization efficiency for nitrogen in lactating da...

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been found in various farm animal species throughout the world. It was the objective of this study to estimate the prevalence of MRSA in different cattle food chains (milk, beef, and veal) in Germany, to analyze the MRSA diversity along each food chain and to compare the characteristics of the different subtypes. Sampl...

Samples of bulk tank milk from dairies across the United States, taken as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring Dairy 2002 survey, were analyzed for the presence of several genes encoding virulence factors associated with enterohemorrhagic forms of Escherichia coli (EHEC) using real-time and conventional PCR assays. Samples from 859 farms in 21 states were collected and enriched in EC m...

Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) are two infectious diseases affecting goat welfare production throughout the world. There no current data regarding their prevalence in Sweden, aim of this pilot study was therefore to estimate occurrence Swedish milk-producing goats, but also assess agreement between milk sera as sample material for diagnosis investigate asso...

Dairy goat and sheep farms suffer severe economic losses due to intramammary infections, with Staphylococcus aureus representing the main cause of clinical mastitis in small ruminants. In addition, S. aureus contamination of goat and sheep milk may cause staphylococcal food poisoning, as many traditional caprine and ovine milk products are not subjected to pasteurization. Data on virulence and ...