A detailed study of the photochemical and discharge-driven pathways taken by gas-phase 1,3-butadiene has been carried out. Photolysis or discharge excitation was initiated inside a short reaction tube attached to the outlet of a pulsed valve. Bath gas temperatures near 100 K were achieved in the reaction tube by the constrained expansion of the gas mixture into the tube, simulating temperatures...

A series of bis(thiazolinyl)- and bis(thiazolyl)pyridine Thio-Pybox ligands and their metal complexes of chromium(III), iron(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) has been prepared, as well as a nickel(II) complex containing a monoanionic bis(thiazolinyl)phenyl Thio-Phebox ligand. These new metal complexes have been characterised and used as catalysts, in combination with the co-catalyst MAO, for the ...

The ignition temperatures of nitrogen-diluted 1,3-butadiene by heated air in counterflow were experimentally determined for pressures up to 5 atmospheres and pressure-weighted strain rates from 100 to 250 s . The experimental data were compared with computational results using the mechanism of Laskin et al. [A. Laskin, H. Wang and C.K. Law, Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 32 (10) (2000) 589–614], showing ...

Sources of industrial emissions of 1,3-butadiene are discussed both by process (production, consumers) and type (equipment leaks, point sources). Quantification of the emissions are presented, as reported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1986. The reported emissions attributed to equipment leaks (also known as fugitive emissions) range from about 50 to 95% of the total, depending ...

Residual levels of 14 volatile substances, including 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, benzene, ethylbenzene, and styrene, in 30 kitchen utensils made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin (ABS) and acrylonitrile-styrene resin (AS) such as slicers, picks, cups, and lunch boxes in Japan were simultaneously determined using headspace gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (HS-GC/MS). The maximum r...

The overall rate constants of the NO reaction with chloroalkylperoxy radicals derived from the Cl-initiated oxidation of several atmospherically abundant alkenes-ethene, propene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 2-methylpropene, 1,3-butadiene, and isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene)-were determined for the first time via the turbulent flow technique and pseudo-first-order kinetics conditions with high-pressur...

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a rapidly growing 3D printing technology. However, printing materials are restricted to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or poly (lactic acid) (PLA) in most Fused deposition modeling (FDM) equipment. Here, we report on a new high-performance printing material, polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), which could surmount these shortcomings. This paper is devoted to...

Studies were conducted to determine the cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects of 1,3-butadiene and two structural analogs, chloroprene and isoprene, in the bone marrow cells of B6C3F1 mice exposed to the chemicals by inhalation. In one study, animals were exposed to 1,3-butadiene concentrations of 6.25, 62.5, or 625 ppm 6 hr/day on 10 exposure days and in the second study, to the same concentration...

1,3-Butadiene (BD), a gas used widely in production and synthesis of rubber, plastics, and resins, is metabolized to three different epoxide metabolites: butadiene monoxide (BMO), butadiene bisoxide (BBO) and epoxybutanediol (ED). We have examined the role of stereochemistry in the chemical and enzyme-mediated conjugation of R- and S-BMO; RR-, SS-, and meso-BBO; and SR-, RS-, RR-, and SS-ED wit...