Humans have been writing for over 5,000 years, but in addition to linguistic symbol systems there have been many non-linguistic systems. Some examples include mathematical symbology, European heraldry, barn stars, Mesopotamian deity symbols and totem poles. While writing represents natural language units such as phonemes, syllables, morphemes or in some cases words, non-linguistic systems repre...

the study of regional variations and the anthropogenic contamination by trace toxic elements of soils is very important for environmental planning and monitoring in urban areas. soil, sediment and rocks of urban areas of kerman studied to assess the degree of pollution by trace elements as a consequence of anthropogenic sources. 37 samples were collected and analyzed by icp-ms for 29 elements. ...

the power of media lies in its persuasive function, which gives media a potential to maneuver on the mind of audience (van dijk 1996). this potential is realized via different linguistic resources, one important group of which is metadiscoursal resources. the major aim of this study was to explore how and in what distribution these resources are employed by writers with different cultural backg...

While previous linguistic and psycholinguistic research on space has mainly analyzed spatial relations, the studies reported in this paper focus on how language distinguishes among spatial entities. Descriptive and experimental studies first propose a classification of entities, which accounts for both static and dynamic space, has some cross-linguistic validity, and underlies adults’ cognitive...

The article offers a comparative description of typological mechanisms used in political communicative practice and methods of verbal explication of its axiological and symbolic constituents determining universal mental features of individual/collective consciousness. The research position based on a systemic multilevel analysis of the component structure of discourse facilitates the identifica...

Contrasting linguistic and nonlinguistic processing has been of interest to many researchers with different scientific, theoretical, or clinical questions. However, previous work on this type of comparative analysis and experimentation has been limited. In particular, little is known about the differences and similarities between the perceptual, cognitive, and neural processing of nonverbal env...

In this paper we motivate why it is crucial to associate linguistic information with ontologies and why more expressive models, beyond the label systems implemented in RDF, OWL and SKOS, are needed to capture the relation between natural language constructs and ontological structures. We argue that in the light of tasks such as ontology-based information extraction (i.e., ontology population) f...

We propose that Bloom's focus on cognitive factors involved in word learning is still lacking a broader perspective. The crucial relevance of working memory in learning elements of language is emphasized. Specifically, we demonstrate on that in impaired populations knowledge of some linguistic elements can be dissociated according to the type of working memory (visual or verbal) involved in a t...